High impact information on Dental Pulp Calcification

• In larvae, the Hox-2.2-induced transformations include thoracic denticle belts in place of head structures; in adults, the Hox-2.2 transformations include thoracic legs in place of antennae [1].
• The DER pathway promotes denticle formation by activating svb expression [2].
• In the Drosophila embryo, the ventral epidermis consists of the segmental alternance of two major cell types that produce either naked cuticle or cytoplasmic extrusions known as denticles [2].
• After germ-band extension, gsb maintains the expression of wg, which in turn specifies the denticle pattern by repressing a default state of ubiquitous denticle formation in the ventral epidermis [3].
• For example, dAPC2 has a striking asymmetric distribution in neuroblasts, and dAPC2 colocalizes with assembling actin filaments at the base of developing larval denticles [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dental Pulp Calcification

• We find that after high and persistent levels of Ubx product, the head is replaced by three (C1, C2 and C3) abdominal-like denticle belts [5].
• We conclude that the sea lamprey's ability to penetrate the dermal denticle armor of sharks, to rapidly excrete large volumes of urea and a high capacity to deaminate amino acids, represent adaptations that have contributed to the evolutionary success of these phylogenetically ancient vertebrates [6].
• The denticles were composed of two major chemical elements: Ca and P with mean concentrations 32.12% and 14.69% respectively giving a Ca/P weight ratio of 2.19 which is very close to the weight ratio of pure stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (2.15) [7].

Biological context of Dental Pulp Calcification

• We observed that fused-naked (fu;nkd) double mutant embryos display a phenotypic suppression of simple mutant phenotypes: both naked cuticle and denticle belts, which would normally have been deleted by one of the two mutants alone, were restored [8].
• Identified as a dominant enhancer of Bar (B), oro is also recessive embryonic lethal, and homozygous oro embryos show variable substitution of naked cuticle with denticles [9].
• In the ventral epidermis of Drosophila embryos, Wg specifies cells to secrete a characteristic pattern of denticles and naked cuticle that decorate the larval cuticle at the end of embryonic development [10].
• Morphogenesis of denticles and hairs in Drosophila embryos: involvement of actin-associated proteins that also affect adult structures [11].

Anatomical context of Dental Pulp Calcification

• Thus, movement of Wg protein through the epidermal epithelium is essential for proper ventral denticle specification and this planar movement is distinct from the apical-basal transcytosis previously described in polarized epithelia [12].
• We describe in real time the changes in the actin cytoskeleton that underlie denticle development, and compare this with the localization of microtubules, revealing new aspects of cytoskeletal dynamics that may have more general applicability [13].
• The protein also becomes highly enriched in pseudopods, microvilli, axons, denticles, the border cell process, and other membrane projections, potentially by binding to endogenous moesin as well as actin [14].
• Finally, we show that GFP-E-APC forms dynamic patches at the apical plasma membrane of late embryonic epidermal cells that form denticles, and that it shuttles up and down the axons of the optic lobe [15].

Gene context of Dental Pulp Calcification

• This repression of denticles by the wg signal is different from the wingless signalling pathways that activate gsb or en [16].
• Serrate-Notch signaling defines the scope of the initial denticle field by modulating EGFR activation [17].
• Wingless and Hedgehog pattern Drosophila denticle belts by regulating the production of short-range signals [18].
• Medial fusion of denticle belts is also a hallmark of spitz group genes, yet its underlying cause is unknown [19].
• Second, overexpression of Cubitus interruptus causes the suppression of denticles (as Wingless does) in absence of Wingless activity in the anterior trunk [20].

References