Disease relevance of Elephantiasis

• In one patient elephantiasis who died following diethylcarbamazine therapy there were large numbers of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the kidney, liver, pancreas, and lung [1].
• In vitro cellular adherence of normal human buffy coat cells to infective larvae of B. malayi was promoted by sera from patients with elephantiasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) and amicrofilaraemic symptomatic filariasis, as well as by sera from normal subjects from filariasis endemic areas [2].
• The LGV-associated genital elephantiasis should be treated with a prolonged course of doxycycline given orally, while donovanosis should be treated with azithromycin or trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination given for a minimum of three weeks [3].
• Gilbert's disease was diagnosed, interestingly, and coincidentally in the three patients with elephantiasis due to NF-1 [4].
• About the paper "Elephantiasis neuromatosa and Becker's melanosis" (J Dermatol, 26: 396-398, 1999) [5].

High impact information on Elephantiasis

• Elephantiasis and complicated varicose veins in a tropical population [6].
• Decreased serum concentrations of soluble (s-) L selectin (CD62L) were noticed in sera of of patients with chronic conditions (hydrocele and elephantiasis) [7].
• Both DR3 and the 2B3 epitope (on DQ6, DQ8, and DQ9 molecules) were significantly decreased in patients with elephantiasis whereas the DQ5 frequency was significantly higher in patients than in controls [8].
• Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa: beneficial effect of oral etretinate therapy [9].
• After initiation of treatment, the levels of IL-6 and LPS-binding protein (LBP) were consistently and significantly higher in microfilaraemics who suffered most from adverse reactions compared with endemic normals and elephantiasis patients [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Elephantiasis

• The effects of 5,6 benzo-[a]-pyrone (coumarin) and DEC on filaritic lymphoedema and elephantiasis in India. Preliminary results [11].
• Chronic filaritic lymphoedema and elephantiasis, in India, were treated orally with 5,6 benzo-alpha-pyrone (56 BaP; 1,2 benzo-alpha-pyrone; coumarin) in a double-blind, randomized, matched-group trial [12].
• Alkaloids and coumarins of Zanthoxylum elephantiasis [proceedings] [13].
• Elephantiasis nostrum verrucosa of the abdomen: clinical results with tazarotene [14].

Biological context of Elephantiasis

• Such ADCC reactions are most often mediated by sera from amicrofilaremic patients with chronic elephantiasis that contain low or undetectable levels of IgG antibodies to chitinase [15].

Gene context of Elephantiasis

• In comparison with other groups of subjects, IgG4-ELISA of sera from microfilaraemic patients and some previously microfilaraemic patients showed a significant increase in optical density readings, while IgG2-ELISA showed elevated optical density readings in sera of patients with chronic elephantiasis [16].
• Elephantiasis in São Tomé and Príncipe [17].
• Sheathed microfilariae incubated with sera of people living in endemic zones of filariasis but with no apparent evidence of infection (endemic normals), or with sera of chronic elephantiasis patients, or with their respective gamma globulin fractions, bound Con A and LCH [18].
• In combining the data, the significance of the difference of the frequency of B15 between patients with elephantiasis and controls was even more marked (p = 0.00045; corrected p = 0.012; RR = 4.4) [19].
• The asymptomatic microfilaremic serum showed five times increase in AChE-activity as compared with normal serum, whereas only little difference was observed in serum from patients with elephantiasis [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Elephantiasis

• An antigenic band with the MW of approximately 37 kDa was found to be consistently present in the Western blots of all microfilaraemic sera, all amicrofilaraemic sera with high titres of anti-filarial IgG4 antibodies, some treated patients, and some elephantiasis patients [21].

References