Disease relevance of Research Design

• Using this experimental design, we demonstrate that VA RNAI stimulates the translation of both early and late adenovirus mRNAs [1].
• Furthermore, the presence of clusters of p53-positive nuclei delineates a group of patients with poor prognosis not identified by traditional scoring methods and supports the hypothesis that p53 dysfunction within PCa may exist in foci of tumor cells that are clonally expanded in metastases [2].
• CONCLUSION: DXR with the integrated Radiogrammetry Kit program could be a promising, widely available diagnostic tool for supplementing the different RA scoring methods with quantitative data, thus allowing an earlier and improved diagnosis of RA and more precision in determining disease progression [3].
• Patients with untreated hypertension have been shown to be resistant to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and are more hyperinsulinemic and hypertriglyceridemic than matched groups of patients with normal blood pressure [4].
• The clinical outcome of 52 consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who developed paroxysmal (less than 1 week) or established (greater than or equal to 1 week) atrial fibrillation between 1960 and 1985 was examined retrospectively and compared with that of a matched group of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sinus rhythm [5].

Psychiatry related information on Research Design

• Five psychometric properties of the MSIS-29 (data quality, scaling assumptions, acceptability, reliability and validity) were examined in a separate postal survey of 1250 Multiple Sclerosis Society members [6].
• The authors state that their research design reveals changes in serotonin and nonrepinephrine metabolism in unipolar depressed subjects that distinguish this group from normal and bipolar depressed subjects, suggesting a reduced CNS uptake of tryptophan in unipolar depression [7].
• The dexamethasone concentrations in the generalized anxiety disorder suppressors and a matched group of eight normal control suppressors were similar [8].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Children (n = 89 with IDDM, n = 53 without IDDM) ages 8-14 years were studied with the Children's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Child and Adolescent Adjustment Profile, Self-Perception Profile for Children, and a general health scale [9].
• Cutaneous sensory thresholds from skin overlying both masseters and right ventral forearm were measured in a group of 12 MPD patients and an appropriately matched group of non-patients [10].

High impact information on Research Design

• CONCLUSIONS: Obese patients who took fenfluramine and phentermine, dexfenfluramine alone, or dexfenfluramine and phentermine had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiac valvular insufficiency than a matched group of control subjects [11].
• This impairment correlates with beta-amyloid plaque burden and is shown in both cross-sectional and longitudinal experimental designs [12].
• A paper reporting data obtained using perfused hearts isolated from either wild-type or Mb-knockout mice provides the first experimental evidence for this novel function of Mb [13].
• A 2(4) factorial experimental design was used to examine the main and interactive effects of 15% wheat bran (WB), 1% cholesterol (CH) with cholic acid, 20% beef tallow (BT), and 0.1% indole-3-carbinol (IC) on 160 male F344 rats treated ip with DMH (10 mg/kg) weekly for 16 weeks [14].
• A second experimental design compared four regimens in the feed given to all mice after 1-wk induction with 2% griseofulvin: (a) 0.5% cholic acid, (b) no adulterant, (c) 2% griseofulvin and 0.5% cholic acid, and (d) 2% griseofulvin [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Research Design

• In multiple linear regression models, age was associated positively and the ratio of high density lipoprotein to total cholesterol was associated negatively with the severity of atherosclerosis regardless of the scoring method, whereas current smoking and female sex were predictors only of the percent stenosis and the length of the lesions [16].
• Combination sulfonylurea-insulin therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus has been evaluated by numerous investigators with various experimental designs [17].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three multiple myeloma cell lines (LP1, RMI 8226, and U266) were treated with 213Bi-radiolabeled B-B4, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes syndecan-1 (CD138) 24 hours after paclitaxel (1 nmol/L) or doxorubicin (10 nmol/L) treatment [18].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients with advanced prostate cancer (castrate and noncastrate) were administered escalating doses of weekly 1-h infusion of i.v. EMP (500-1000-1500 mg/m(2)) in combination with weekly paclitaxel (100 mg/m(2) over 1 h) and i.v. carboplatin (area under the curve 6 mg/ml-min every 4 weeks) [19].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with 5-FU [bolus (400 mg/m(2)) followed by a 22-h infusion (600 mg/m(2))] and LV (200 mg/m(2)) and escalating doses of SAM486A, 1-3-h infusion daily for 3 days [20].

Biological context of Research Design

• METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of 2 fixed oral doses of cortisol (40 mg/d and 160 mg/d using split doses to approximate circadian rhythm) given for 4 days to matched groups of healthy subjects (n = 51) [21].
• The experimental design included measurement of oesophageal basal tone and compliance as well as the oesophageal tone response to a nitric oxide donor (0.5 ml amyl nitrite inhalation) [22].
• Dobutamine (5 micrograms/kg per min) and hydralazine (1 mg/kg) when group-matched elicited an identical increase in cardiac index and stroke volume index [23].
• The pathogenesis of the olfactory defect in the X-linked Kallmann syndrome is discussed in the light of the present results and the recent data reporting the immunohistochemical localisation of anosmin-1 during early embryonic development [24].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied mutations in MODY1-4 genes, the presence of GAD antibodies, and HLA DQB1 risk genotypes in 66 Swedish women with GDM and a family history of diabetes [25].

Anatomical context of Research Design

• These experimental designs tested whether atrial myocyte ANP-RB colocalizes at the plasmalemma and elsewhere in the cell with the muscle-specific isoform of the caveolar coating protein caveolin-3, and with a fraction of cellular ANP [26].
• To examine whether pulsed Doppler left ventricular filling indices can reliably detect myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography we studied three groups matched for age and global indices of left ventricular function [27].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed the charts of all islet cell antibody (ICA) negative patients diagnosed with NIDDM at Children's Hospital Medical Center (CHMC) between 1982 and 1995 [28].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Unselected cases with IDDM, who were 6-29 yr of age, were identified at diagnosis from a large, geographically defined area of southern Wisconsin. Peripheral nerve conduction was measured on a sample from this cohort [29].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy volunteers (n = 11) and patients with NIDDM (n = 14) and incubated with ECV 304 cells, a human umbilical endothelial cell-derived transformed cell line [30].

Associations of Research Design with chemical compounds

• METHODS: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of 2 fixed oral dosages of cortisol (40 mg/d and 160 mg/d), given for 4 days to matched groups of healthy subjects (n=47) [31].
• Structured diagnostic interviews were done within an experimental design intended to maximize differentiation of enduring symptoms from symptoms linked to binges of cocaine use [32].
• From a survey of 24-hour caffeine intake of 798 grade-school children (mean age, 10.3 years), 19 "high consumers" (reported intake of 500 mg/day or more) and a matched group of 19 "low consumers" were recruited for a double-blind, placebo-controlled, caffeine challenge study [33].
• The test was made by an experimental design that uses a period of exposure of the eggs to 2-mercaptoethanol [34].
• In a blinded experimental design, clinical signs of EAE developed within 17 days of immunization with human white matter in two placebo-treated animals but in none of three monkeys that received rolipram (10 mg/kg s.c. every other day) beginning 1 week after immunization [35].

Gene context of Research Design

• In addition to commonly used methods we introduce a new experimental design featuring ISG15-UBP43 fusion self-processing [36].
• We examined this putative association in 41 children with severe ADHD and 56 healthy controls who were group matched for ethnicity and sex [37].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Forty-eight IDDM patients and 59 nondiabetic unrelated control subjects were recruited from the population in Taiwan. HLA-DQB1 exon 2 was enzymatically amplified by polymerase chain reaction [38].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Serum EGFR and HER2 levels were monitored in blood samples taken within 1 week of starting Gefitinib at day 28 and at every computed tomography scan evaluation [39].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We sequenced the kinase domain of EGFR and exon 20 of ERBB2 in tumor specimens from eight responsive patients [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Research Design

• METHODS: Brain activation was monitored by positron emission tomography in matched groups of six dyslexic adults and six control adults as they carried out either a prelearned sequence or learned a novel sequence of finger movements [41].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ten consecutive USPC specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry for the intensity of expression of HER-2/neu [42].
• We have analyzed the performance of the biographer low-glucose alarm relative to hypoglycemia as defined by blood glucose < or = 3.9 mmol/l. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis was based on 1,091 biographer uses from four clinical trials. which generated 14,487 paired (biographer and blood glucose) readings [43].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using PCR and primers that amplify MMTV-like gene sequences, we tested cancerous and benign breast tissue from Caucasian-Australian, Vietnamese-Australian, and Vietnamese women [44].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study among 208 normoglycemic individuals (fasting glucose < or = 6.4 mmol/l and no history of diabetes) who had carotid initial-medial thickening (case subjects) and 208 normoglycemic control subjects individually matched for age, sex, race, field center, and date of exam [45].

References