High impact information on Double Effect

• Nasal exhalation of cromolyn: a double effect [1].
• Thus, tetracycline has the double effect of selecting for recipients that acquire a resistance gene and stimulating transfer of the gene [2].
• It is suggested that STE might contain molecular component(s) which would exert a double effect: 1) trigger metabolic alterations responsible for the blast-like cell induction, and 2) inhibit the lymphoproliferative response [3].
• Serotonin had a double effect on the salivary duct: a relaxing and a contracting one with different K(d) values 76 nM and 2.4 microM, respectively [4].
• The double effect of rolipram suggests an important role of the second form of PDE in the mechanisms of contractility during the pregnancy [5].

Biological context of Double Effect

• It appears that ketanserin has a double effect on platelet aggregation: an initial hyporesponsiveness to 5-HT is followed by a delayed hyperresponsiveness that is temporarily corrected by renewed ketanserin intake [6].
• Administration of estradiol during te second week postpartum had no effect on serum levels of FSH and prolactin, however, 1 week later estradiol injection elicited a double effect: FSH levels decreased and prolactin concentrations increased [7].

Anatomical context of Double Effect

• These experiments clearly showed a double effect of the alphaNA esterase inhibitor BNPP on macrophages [8].
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists have been proven to have a double effect on androgen metabolism: an initially stimulating, followed by an inhibitory, effect on the pituitary gland [9].
• When tested in vitro on H+-ATPase of rice shoot plasma membranes, syringotoxin and its structural analogue syringomycin, produced by P. syringae pv. syringae, displayed a double effect [10].
• This indicates that, in rat aorta, noradrenaline evokes only a direct contractile response, whereas both serotonin and histamine have a double effect: direct contraction of vascular smooth muscle and release of a relaxing factor from the endothelium [11].

Associations of Double Effect with chemical compounds

• Fluorine substitution at the methylene carbon have the double effect of lowering the phosphonate pKa2 as well as introducing hydrogen bonding interactions similar to the phosphate ester oxygen in pTyr [12].
• In addition, it has been established that triplet excited photosensitizers have a double effect: increasing the rate of initiation by decomposing hydroperoxide-type compounds and inhibiting the overall process by interactions with free radicals [13].
• LDL apoprotein B was increased in both groups of rats, but to a lesser degree in the lovastatin-treated group, suggesting a double effect, inhibition of both, cholesterol and apoprotein synthesis [14].
• It would seem that elimination of the uncontrolled formaldehyde with resveratrol may exert a double effect in biological systems [15].
• Morphine vs. ABT-594: a reexamination by the principle of double effect [16].

Gene context of Double Effect

• This double effect makes NPY an effective proabsorptive peptide [17].
• We may conclude that chalcones are potentially potent new depigmentation agents, with their double effect of reduction and antioxidant activity [18].

References