Disease relevance of Pacifiers

• As infants can become sensitized to NRL allergens by pacifiers and latex mattresses, we tried to establish whether there is a relationship between SID and natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy [1].

High impact information on Pacifiers

• Several recent reports even support the existence of reactions to latex pacifiers [2].
• Sucrose, with and without pacifiers, is effective and safe for relieving pain from single painful events [3].
• Hospital practices suggested to promote bottle-feeding were the provision of pacifiers and supplemental water or glucose, issuance of formula packs at discharge, and a first feed of sterile water [4].
• Volatile nitrosamine levels in rubber teats and pacifiers available in New Zealand [5].
• Rubber nipples and pacifiers were analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines using gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis after extraction with 'artificial saliva'. All of the 17 samples tested were found to contain at least two of the following: N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine and N-nitrosopiperidine [6].

Biological context of Pacifiers

• CONCLUSIONS: Higher postnatal progesterone levels are associated with delayed menstruation; while the use of pacifiers and infant formula milk are associated with an earlier return to menstruation [7].
• Women who introduced pacifiers tended to breastfeed their infants fewer times per day, with significant differences noted at 2 (8.1 +/- 2.6 vs 9.0 +/- 2.3) and 12 weeks' (6.3 +/- 2.0 vs 7.4 +/- 1.6) postpartum [8].

Associations of Pacifiers with chemical compounds

• Do pacifiers cause latex allergy [9]?
• A disintegration apparatus was designed to test the dissolution of tablets containing NaF resp. 0.25 mg F, 160 mg xylitol and 150 mg sorbitol from the pacifiers [10].
• A linear slow release of fluoride, xylitol and sorbitol from the pacifiers could be observed up to 90 min [10].
• Penile nerve blocks, local anesthetics, various operative instruments, acetaminophen, sweet oral solutions, pacifiers, a physiologic restraining device, intrauterine sounds, and music all have been evaluated [11].
• Volatile N-nitrosamines in infant latex rubber pacifiers were determined using a modification of a previously described dichloromethane extraction procedure, followed by gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pacifiers

• The objectives of this study were to assess the analgesic effect of orally administered glucose and to determine the synergetic analgesic effect of glucose and pacifiers during subcutaneous injections in very preterm neonates using a validated behavioral acute pain rating scale [13].

References