Disease relevance of fluoride

• A case of fluoride poisoning was defined as an illness consisting of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or numbness or tingling of the face or extremities that began between May 21 and 23 [1].
• Fluoride calcium should be considered a useful adjunct in the treatment for multiple myeloma [2].
• Acute fluoride poisoning produces a clinical syndrome characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and paresthesias [1].
• Here we describe an enzymatic reaction that occurs in the bacterium Streptomyces cattleya and which catalyses the conversion of fluoride ion and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to 5'-fluoro-5'-deoxyfluoroadenosine (5'-FDA) [3].
• The cyc- variants of S49 lymphoma cells have served as powerful tools for studying the components and mechanisms of hormone-induced adenylate cyclase stimulation, as these cells are deficient in the guanine nucleotide regulatory site (Ns) mediating hormone, guanine nucleotide, cholera toxin and fluoride-induced stimulations of the enzyme [4].

Psychiatry related information on fluoride

• Dementia, aluminium, and fluoride [5].
• These results suggest that a single factor in the second-messenger pathway may (a) account for the majority of individual differences in stimulation of adenylate cyclase of fluoride and (b) help explain the reduced activities previously observed in alcoholics [6].
• Parameters evaluated included fluoride exposure, prevalence of bone fractures, demographics, medical history, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption [7].
• A significant increase of guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp)-, fluoride-, and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase was observed in synaptic membrane preparations from rat cerebral cortex subsequent to chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatment [8].
• A questionnaire was used for collection of demographic data as well as information on prior fluoride exposure, dietary habits, and oral hygiene practices [9].

High impact information on fluoride

• We conclude that fluoride therapy increases cancellous but decreases cortical bone mineral density and increases skeletal fragility [10].
• Fifty-four women in the fluoride group and 24 in the placebo group had side effects sufficiently severe to warrant dose reduction; the major side effects were gastrointestinal symptoms and lower-extremity pain [10].
• Heat shock, fluoride, pactamycin , and cytochalasin caused the release of both ribosomes and initiation factors into the soluble fraction [11].
• In contrast, cytoplasmic creatine kinase activity, adenylate cyclase activities stimulated by fluoride ion and by histamine, histamine-stimulated muscle contraction, and levels of contractile protein were not different in the two groups (P less than 0.05) [12].
• Microradiography and videodensitometry studies revealed significant increases in bone formation (P less than 0.01) and bone mass (P less than 0.005) in the fluoride-calcium group [2].

Chemical compound and disease context of fluoride

• Individuals who are heterozygous for the fluoride and atypical alleles experience about 30 min of apnea, rather than the usual 3-5 min, after receiving succinyldicholine [13].
• Regulation of adenylate cyclase coincident with transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus is manifest as a 10-50% decrease in basal, Mg2+-, and forskolin-stimulated activities; activities elicited by fluoride and guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) are unaltered [14].
• alpha-Galactosyl fluoride is shown to function as a substrate, in place of uridine-5'-diphosphogalactose, for the alpha-galactosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis [15].
• Attainment of therapeutic fluoride levels in serum without major side effects using a slow-release preparation of sodium fluoride in postmenopausal osteoporosis [16].
• Studies on rats have suggested that fluoride toxicity may produce glucose intolerance and abnormalities in insulin secretion [17].

Biological context of fluoride

• Although the more inhibitory of the four diastereoisomers of Soman are hydrolyzed least rapidly, a column of sufficient length will accomplish 95 percent hydrolysis whether measured by fluoride release or loss of cholinesterase-inhibiting power [18].
• This phenomenon may be related to an increase of fluoride in the food chain, especially from the use of fluoridated water in food processing, increased use of infant formulas with measurable fluoride content, and even unintentional ingestion of fluoride dentifrices [19].
• Direct binding of sigma(54) Region I to activator in the presence of ADP-aluminum fluoride was shown and inferred from in vivo suppression genetics [20].
• CONCLUSIONS--We found a small but significant increase in the risk of hip fracture in both men and women exposed to artificial fluoridation at 1 ppm, suggesting that low levels of fluoride may increase the risk of hip fracture in the elderly [21].
• Fluoride-mediated activation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils. A reversible process [22].

Anatomical context of fluoride

• In the membranes from these tumours no stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by growth hormone-releasing hormone, by GTP or by fluoride was observed [23].
• Asymmetrical displacement currents in nerve cell membrane and effect of internal fluoride [24].
• This is in keeping with observed pharmacological actions of fluoride to enhance recruitment of osteoblasts and matrix deposition without any consistent effect on bone resorption [25].
• These findings suggest that fluoride induces a process similar or identical to visual excitation of the photoreceptor [26].
• Relationship of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate hydrolysis to calcium mobilization and functional activation in fluoride-treated neutrophils [27].

Associations of fluoride with other chemical compounds

• Enzyme activities were determined before restriction and at monthly intervals for 3 mo for the unstimulated enzyme (basal) and in the presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of glucagon, ACTH, epinephrine, and fluoride [28].
• Aluminium fluoride was observed to stabilize the association of GroES with GroEL, with a substantial release of free energy (-46 kcal/mol) [29].
• In contrast, papillary muscles responded normally to calcium, and adenylate cyclase responses to fluoride and histamine were normal [30].
• The fluoride variant of human butyrylcholinesterase owes its name to the observation that it is resistant to inhibition by 0.050 mM sodium fluoride in the in vitro assay [13].
• Cellulose microfibrils with an electron diffraction pattern characteristic of crystalline native cellulose I have been assembled abiotically by means of a cellulase-catalyzed polymerization of beta-cellobiosyl fluoride substrate monomer in acetonitrile/acetate buffer [31].
• Two cleft-like anion receptors have been synthesised that contain indole hydrogen-bond donors and show fluoride selectively in a DMSO-water solution with crystallographic studies showing a 'twisted' binding mode for fluoride in the solid state [32].
• The resulting aluminium-based fluoride still possesses a high-surface-area of 330 m2 g(-1) [33].

Gene context of fluoride

• Disruption of ARF1 causes slow growth, cold sensitivity, and sensitivity to normally sublethal concentrations of fluoride ion in the medium [34].
• These mutants display a number of phenotypes, including conditional lethality at high or low temperature, defects in glycosylation of invertase, dominant lethality, fluoride sensitivity, and synthetic lethality with the arf2 null mutation [35].
• The effect of fluoride on phospholipase D (PLD) activation was studied using in vitro culture of Saos-2, MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, and normal osteoblast-like cells derived from human bone explants [36].
• The addition of aluminium fluoride locks coatomer onto Golgi membranes and also decreases the binding kinetics of both ARF1 and ARFGAP1, suggesting that these proteins function in concert to mediate sorting and vesicle formation [37].
• Fluoride at mitogenic doses induces a sustained activation of p44mapk, but not p42mapk, in human TE85 osteosarcoma cells [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of fluoride

• Whether or not lower doses or intermittent fluoride therapy will prove to be effective in patients who have already sustained fractures, is also being actively investigated in controlled clinical trials [25].
• The role of the practicing physician in the provision of caries prevention methods is a very active one, with physicians prescribing fluoride supplements, counseling on diet, and providing oral hygiene education [39].
• As part of an educational program in preventive dentistry for family medicine residents, we evaluated changes in systemic fluoride prescribing habits related to newly acquired knowledge [40].
• BACKGROUND: Although a recent bioassay showed increased frequency of bone cancer in rats with high oral intake of fluoride, the data are reported as equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity [41].
• Fluoride in drinking water and risk of hip fracture in the UK: a case-control study [42].

References