Disease relevance of Athetosis

• Clinical features include severe mental retardation, dysarthria, ataxia, athetoid movements, muscle hypoplasia, and spastic paraplegia with hyperreflexia, clonus, and Babinski reflexes [1].
• The phenomenology of the movement disorder is identical to that previously reported, and includes intermittent oculogyric crises and limb dystonia, generalized athetosis, and impaired voluntary movement in all patients [2].
• We report a 32-year-old woman, affected by a symptomatic focal drug-resistant epilepsy and a mild hemiparesis, with acute athetoid movements, transiently linked to increasing tiagabine (TGB) therapy [3].
• Therapeutically immediate DRB withdrawal is crucial.Additional dantrolene or bromocriptine application together with symptomatic treatment may be necessary.Paroxysmal dyskinesias are childhood onset disorders characterised by dystonic postures, chorea, athetosis and ballism occurring at irregular intervals [4].
• Bibrachial sensory athetosis and dystonia in delayed postirradiation myelopathy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Athetosis

• An inherited complete deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in male children is associated with a severe neurological disorder characterized by chloroform and athetoid movements, hypertonicity, mental retardation, and self-injurious behavior [6].
• Iatrogenically induced, most commonly by neuroleptics, these disorders can be characterized by any abnormal body movement including tremor, chorea, athetosis, dyskinesias, dystonia, myoclonus, tics, ballismus or akathisia [7].

High impact information on Athetosis

• Transient athetosis induced by tiagabine [3].
• In monkeys that had reached this phase, the athetoid movements were not again induced by higher doses of haloperidol (up to 5 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (3 mg/kg), or metoclopramide (3 mg/kg) [8].
• The patients, both male, showed severe psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia, athetosis, and seizures; they died at the ages of 3 7/12 years and 5 10/12 years, respectively [9].
• The strabismus responds poorly to surgery and the associated athetosis is important in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral palsy [10].
• HD is characterized by a progressive disturbance of typical movement disorders (i.e., chorea, athetosis), psychiatric symptoms (i.e., depression, insomnia, anxiety, suspiciousness), and cognitive deterioration, in the absence of a dominant family history of similar disorders [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Athetosis

• As intermittent treatments continued, tolerance to the athetoid movements gradually developed and, eventually, only circling and pushing could be consistently elicited by haloperidol [8].
• A case of acute athetosis in a child was found to be related to phenytoin toxicity [12].

Gene context of Athetosis

• The clinical symptoms of IOSCA include ataxia, athetosis, hypotonia, hearing deficit, ophthalmoplegia, sensory neuropathy, female hypogonadism, and epilepsy as a late manifestation [13].
• She fell into coma on the 15th day, then neurologic symptoms, such as nuchal rigidity and athetoid movement became prominent [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Athetosis

• Bilateral cervical posterior rhizotomy: effects on dystonia and athetosis, on respiration and other autonomic functions [15].
• Two patients suffering from dystonia and athetosis have been treated by means of chronic electrical stimulation of the paleocerebellum and were followed for over two and a half years [16].
• Stereotactic selective thalamotomy (Vim for tremor athetosis, VL-Vim for dystonia tremor) was performed under local anesthesia with the aid of radiological and neurophysiological control methods [17].

References