Disease relevance of Rhizotomy

• Human trigeminal root evoked potentials have been recorded using signal averaging techniques during radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy and lidocaine blocks in patients with trigeminal neuralgia [1].
• Animal models of chronic pain: their possible validation from human experience with posterior rhizotomy and congenital analgesia (Part I of the second John J. Bonica lecture) [2].
• L5 ventral rhizotomy and spinal nerve transection produced not only mechanical and heat hypersensitivity, but also an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA/protein in the L5 dorsal root ganglion at 7 days after surgery [3].
• Six weeks after surgery, rats with chronic renal failure and dorsal rhizotomy had lower blood pressure and serum creatinine than rats with sham rhizotomy [4].
• Pseudorabies virus tracing of neural pathways between the uterine cervix and CNS: effects of survival time, estrogen treatment, rhizotomy, and pelvic nerve transection [5].

High impact information on Rhizotomy

• Flow was symmetrical within all brain regions in sham-operated animals and in the rhizotomy group, despite comparable increases in regional cerebral blood flow induced by angiotensin [6].
• Furthermore, BDNF anterograde transport increased 3.5-fold within 24 hr after sciatic nerve injury or dorsal rhizotomy [7].
• Cervical dorsal rhizotomy enhances serotonergic innervation of phrenic motoneurons and serotonin-dependent long-term facilitation of respiratory motor output in rats [8].
• We tested the hypothesis that spinal plasticity elicited by chronic bilateral cervical dorsal rhizotomy (C3-C5; CDR) has functional implications for respiratory motor control [8].
• When NGF had been infused into the central stump of the cut sciatic nerve, dorsal rhizotomy again increased CGRP levels in the DRG, despite prior section of the peripheral processes [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rhizotomy

• Glycerol rhizotomy versus gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: an analysis of patients treated at one institution [10].
• The ability of neonatal capsaicin to inhibit, and dorsal rhizotomy to potentiate Asp release correlates well with their distinct effects on hyperalgesia and suggests that these manipulations do not produce identical lesions [11].
• OBJECT: Selective posterior rhizotomy is a well-established treatment for spasticity associated with cerebral palsy [12].
• This report investigates the use of intravesical oxybutynin in spinal injury patients, who have had dorsal rhizotomies to abolish reflex detrusor activity and void with S2, S3, and S4 stimulation, done with the Brindley anterior root stimulator [13].
• CT-guided chemical rhizotomy of the C1 root for occipital neuralgia [14].

Biological context of Rhizotomy

• The performance of unilateral ventral rhizotomies did not produce any statistically significant changes in the density of alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites or in the substance P or enkephalin content of any spinal quadrant [15].
• The effects of nicotine on the stretch reflex and on electrically induced monosynaptic and cutaneous polysynaptic reflex responses at a lumbosacral level were studied in lightly anesthetized (chloralose-urethane) cats in which the regional fusimotor-spindle loops had been interrupted by ventral rhizotomy [16].
• The increase of phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in microglia of spinal cord after rhizotomy implicates that ERK signaling pathway involves intracellular activity of microglia responding to the experimental injury [17].
• Percutaneous retrogasserian rhizotomy with glycerol with the patient in the prone position relieved the syncope and neuralgia [18].
• All experimental procedures used to block muscle contraction, including ventral rhizotomy, tenotomy, local application to the nerve of both tetrodotoxin and lidocaine or intramuscular injection of the botulinum toxin, produced a significant decrease in neuronal CA staining [19].

Anatomical context of Rhizotomy

• For determination of anatomical loci of adenosine A1 receptors in the dorsal and ventral spinal cord, various lesions were employed, including kainic acid injections directly into the lumbar dorsal spinal cord, spinal cord hemitransections, dorsal rhizotomies, and neonatal capsaicin treatment [20].
• (1) Dorsal rhizotomy depleted greater than one-third of the varicosities individually immunoreactive for SP, SOM, GAL, or DYN, confirming the association of these peptides with primary afferent neurons [21].
• Unilateral upper two spinal dorsal rhizotomy prior to WGA-HRP application over the exposed basilar artery resulted in terminal labeling within the C2 dorsal horn, the cuneate nucleus, dmnX, and nTs contralateral to the rhizotomy, whereas the ipsilateral side was devoid of any labeling [22].
• Regional distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-, substance P-, cholecystokinin-, Met5-enkephalin-, and dynorphin A (1-8)-like materials in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of adult rats: effects of dorsal rhizotomy and neonatal capsaicin [23].
• When spinal blood vessels were damaged during dorsal rhizotomy, the deficits in D-aspartate uptake and release were larger than those in the absence of vascular damage and were accompanied by deficits in GABA uptake and release [24].

Associations of Rhizotomy with chemical compounds

• Intradermal capsaicin injection almost abolished exploratory activity in naïve animals or in rats after a DC lesion, but did not change it in rats after ipsilateral dorsal rhizotomy or a lesion of the lateral funiculus on the side opposite to the injection [25].
• Bilateral dorsal rhizotomy (spinal segments C5-T1) and partial cordotomy (segment C5, right side) were used to interrupt primary sensory and descending tracts, respectively [26].
• Blocking afferent inputs by application of bupivacaine mimicked the results of dorsal rhizotomy, in a reversible manner [27].
• Three days following rhizotomy the number of GAD67 mRNA-expressing neurons was decreased in the superficial layers of the deafferented horn, while GABA immunostaining of axonal fibres located in this region was highly increased [28].
• The sustained bladder response to subcutaneous bethanechol required greater sacral innervation than the detrusor reflex inasmuch as the S2 segment could subserve this response in only half the cases, and unilateral rhizotomy L7-S3 eliminated the response in half the cases [29].

Gene context of Rhizotomy

• After rhizotomy alone all neuropeptide staining including VIP was depleted; axotomy followed by rhizotomy produced the same result [30].
• Cervical dorsal rhizotomy increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 expression in the ventral spinal cord [31].
• Increased calcitonin gene-related peptide- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivities in spinal motoneurones after dorsal rhizotomy [32].
• In the cat, unilateral lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomy resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction of extractable CGRP from the ipsilateral lumbar dorsal horn (5.6 +/- 1.2 pmol/gm of wet weight) compared to the contralateral side (105.0 +/- 36.0 pmol/gm of wet weight) [33].
• After DCC and rhizotomy, Np1 is expressed de novo around the injury and in the deafferentated dorsal horn, respectively, mainly by OX42-positive microglial cells [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rhizotomy

• In contrast to sequelae of peripheral axotomy, rhizotomy did not alter TH, suggesting that projections to the periphery predominate in regulation of sensory TH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[35]
• A small (5% of control) atropine-sensitive and prazosin-resistant constriction was seen only after chronic sacral rhizotomy [36].
• The effect of unilateral dorsal root ganglionectomies or ventral rhizotomies on alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding to, and the substance P, enkephalin, and neurotensin content of, the cat lumbar spinal cord [15].
• GAP-43 immunohistochemistry revealed a small increase in axon density following dorsal rhizotomy that was further augmented by sNgR treatment [37].
• On the basis of the positive results of the nerve blocks in terms of temporary pain relief, all 17 patients underwent unilateral (n = 16) or bilateral (n = 1) intradural C1 (n = 9), C2 (n = 17), C3 (n = 17), or C4 (n = 7) dorsal rhizotomies [38].

References