Disease relevance of Startle Reaction

• Theophylline showed reversible toxicity: accelerated respiration, sluggish startle reactions, dilation of the auricular vessels and polyuria were observed in dams treated with 60 mg/kg/day but not in animals given 15 or 30 mg/kg/day [1].

Psychiatry related information on Startle Reaction

• Microinfusion of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine) into the dorsal hippocampus of wistar rats does not affect latent inhibition and prepulse inhibition, but increases startle reaction and locomotor activity [2].

High impact information on Startle Reaction

• Reflex myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: a new age-dependent idiopathic epileptic syndrome related to startle reaction [3].
• Application of calcium ionophore A-23187 significantly shortened the time required for reappearance of the startle reaction to a bright light [4].
• It appeared that the stimulation decreased PPI quantitatively as much as ketamine (6 mg/kg) without an effect of the basic startle reaction [5].
• Hyperekplexia (HE), or startle disease, is usually a familial disorder associated with mutations in the glycine receptor alpha1 subunit gene (GLRA1), characterised by exaggerated startle reactions to unexpected auditory, somaesthetic and visual stimuli [6].
• In form and latency the conditioned response was similar to the unconditioned startle reaction of the same animal under chloralose anesthesia, or to its unanesthetized response to a loud sound [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Startle Reaction

• In 12 patients without a previous startle reaction, atropine had a possible activating effect, however, the result was not significant [8].
• In the LFS strain, acute exposure to 0.25% (v/v) ethanol inhibited the startle reaction and increased both the area occupied by a group of subjects and the average distance between each fish and its nearest neighbor [9].
• BRO and MOC exert the inhibitory activity, whereas DEP has an excitatory effect on the startle reaction [10].
• Dynamics of intracellular dopamine contents in the rat brain during the formation of conditioned contextual fear and extinction of an acoustic startle reaction [11].
• Reflexes (righting, cliff-avoidance) and hearing startle reaction maturated earlier in nitrate treated groups [12].

Anatomical context of Startle Reaction

• The amplitude of the startle reaction was found to correlate with dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex after the end of the corresponding extinction session and with the dopamine level before the start of the second session [11].
• The startle reaction to an acoustic stimulus in the rat: the effect of noradrenaline administered by microinjection into the pontomedullary reticular formation [13].
• By means of extratympanic phonometry, the middle ear muscular reflex activity in the startle reaction was measured in a control series, in patients with otosclerosis and in patients with operation cavaties without a functioning tensor tympani muscle [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Startle Reaction

• The influence of physostigmine and atropine on the startle reaction and EEG epileptic paroxysmal activity was examined in 24 severely impaired children with early brain damage [8].

References