Disease relevance of Anhydroglucochloral

• Alpha compared to beta adrenergic contributions to dysrhythmias induced by left anterior descending coronary occlusion and by reperfusion were assessed in chloralose-anesthetized cats (n = 96) [1].
• In six chloralose-anesthetized cats, regional ischemia was induced for 10 min by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion [2].
• Seventeen chloralose-anesthetized dogs underwent activation mapping during spontaneous ventricular tachycardia with QRS morphologies similar to those recorded in the conscious state [3].
• In open-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs, transmural myocardial infarction was created by embolizing a diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery with a vinyl latex solution that was injected directly into the artery and hardened rapidly [4].
• We used myocardial ischemia and chemical stimuli to increase the activity of the sensory endings in 15 chloralose-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs with sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Anhydroglucochloral

• In form and latency the conditioned response was similar to the unconditioned startle reaction of the same animal under chloralose anesthesia, or to its unanesthetized response to a loud sound [6].
• The pressor effect of AII at the SFO remained in animals under chloralose anesthesia, demonstrating that it is not an artifact of drinking behavior [7].
• The differences in the arterial pressure responses to rhythmic contractions may have been partly due to individual differences in the level of anesthesia, because in three cats the pressor responses to this maneuver were converted to depressor responses after giving the cats additional chloralose [8].
• This study was designed to characterize the regional and systemic hemodynamic and sympathoadrenal responses to heating after 24 and 48 h of water deprivation in chloralose-anesthetized, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7 per group) [9].

High impact information on Anhydroglucochloral

• LAD coronary artery occlusions were induced for 5 min in chloralose-anesthetized cats [10].
• This study assessed the effects of NPY on the coronary circulation in 40 chloralose-anesthetized, open-chest dogs [11].
• Diacetylmorphine (heroin) was administered into several cerebroventricular regions of chloralose-anesthetized cats, while monitoring pulmonary ventilation with a Fleisch pneumotachograph [12].
• METHODS: Chloralose-anesthetized rats were prepared for duodenal luminal perfusion and in situ pH-stat titration of mucosal alkaline secretion [13].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Chloralose-anesthetized cats were instrumented to measure arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, heart rate, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary blood velocity, and regional wall motion [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Anhydroglucochloral

• To explore time-dependent antiarrhythmic drug-induced conduction slowing in vivo, we used 56-electrode epicardial mapping in chloralose-anesthetized dogs with formalin-induced atrioventricular block [15].
• On day 7, rats were anesthetized with chloralose/urethane and the left kidney was exposed to a 30-min period of ischemia followed by 90-min reperfusion [16].
• METHODS: Dose regimens producing stable effects over time were developed, and two dose levels of azimilide (10 and then 20 mg/kg) or dofetilide (0.08 and then 0.16 mg/kg) were administered to morphine/chloralose-anesthetized dogs during sustained vagal atrial fibrillation (AF) [17].
• DESIGN--Pigs weighing 18-20 kg were anaesthetised with alpha chloralose 100 mg.kg-1 (n = 9) or thiopentone 30 mg.kg-1 (n = 9) and the arrhythmogenic effects of coronary artery occlusion were examined by sequential electrocardiographic measurements every 5 min and arrhythmia analysis every minute over a 60 min period [18].
• 6 Chloralose-induced myoclonus is not similar to 5-HT-sensitive reticular reflex myoclonus in man [19].

Biological context of Anhydroglucochloral

• After a change in cardiac output, the magnitude of potential blood volume redistribution was investigated in 10 dogs anesthetized with chloralose [20].
• To establish the mechanism of these rate-dependent negative dromotropic actions, we studied the properties governing AV nodal adaptation to changes in heart rate in chloralose-anesthetized dogs in the absence and presence of bilateral cervical vagal nerve stimulation (20 Hz, 0.2 msec) [21].
• The effect of sympathetic alpha-receptor coronary vasoconstriction on myocardial oxygen tension was studied in open- and closed-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs [22].
• We have studied the responses to electrical and chemical stimulation of the ventrolateral medulla in the chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated rat [23].
• Methoxamine, 2 to 4 mg, was infused into the circumflex coronary artery of 23 chloralose-anesthetized open chest dogs, and resulted in a 68% increase in coronary vascular resistance [24].

Anatomical context of Anhydroglucochloral

• Studies using chow-fed rabbits demonstrated that exposure to chloralose anesthesia (an agent that provokes profound sympathetic activation) induced endothelial injury (indicated by intracellular accumulation of immunoglobulin G in the aortic endothelium) and abnormal (increased) platelet accumulation [25].
• Chloralose-anesthetized animals were studied by means of sequential pulses applied to the apex of the right ventricular endocardium [26].
• Static and pulsatile pressure were applied to the isolated carotid sinus of dogs anesthetized with chloralose [27].
• Studies were performed in vagotomized, chloralose-anesthetized dogs with the carotid baroreceptor reflex intact [28].
• We stimulated the aortic chemoreceptors in dogs that were anesthetized with chloralose and artificially ventilated by perfusing the isolated aortic arch with venous blood [29].

Associations of Anhydroglucochloral with other chemical compounds

• METHODS AND RESULTS: Left ventricular (LV) function, ECG mapping, and coronary angiography were analyzed during pericoronary application of methacholine (MCh) to the left anteriors. descending coronary artery in 53 chloralose-anesthetized openchest pigs [30].
• Rats were anesthetized with urethane and chloralose and implanted with Doppler flow probes on the renal artery and abdominal aorta [31].
• We compared the cardiac electrophysiological actions of two types of H1-receptor antagonists--the piperidines, astemizole and terfenadine, and the nonpiperidines, chlorpheniramine and pyrilamine-in vitro in guinea pig ventricular myocytes and in vivo in chloralose-anesthetized dogs [32].
• We injected formaldehyde into the AV node to induce complete AV block in 35 chloralose-anesthetized dogs [33].
• We investigated the effects of topically administered catecholamines and acetylcholine (ACh) on the cerebrocortical microcirculation and NAD/NADH redox state in chloralose-anesthetized cats [34].

Gene context of Anhydroglucochloral

• To examine whether incretin hormones, truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 (tGLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are recognized by the hepatic vagal nerve, changes of the impulse discharge rate in the afferent vagus upon their intraportal administrations were measured in situ in rats anesthetized with urethan and chloralose [35].
• Hyperglycaemia lasting for hours, has been produced in unanesthetized cats, rabbits and rats by injection into the cerebral ventricles or the cisterna magna of a variety of drugs (morphine, etorphine, pethidine, beta-endorphin, enkephalin, bombesin, TRH, cholecystokinin, naloxone, propranolol, phentolamine, chloralose, magnesium chloride and GABA) [36].
• We studied the effect of brief periods of left atrial-pulmonary vein distention on the rate of renin secretion in sodium-restricted dogs anesthetized with chloralose and breathing spontaneously [37].
• 2. Synthetic cat gastrin 17NS was continuously injected into chloralose anaesthetized cats and at 1, 10 and 40 min after the start of injection there were significantly greater concentrations of immunoreactive gastrin Component IV than Component III in arterial blood (P less than 0.025 in each case) [38].
• Plasma vasopressin (AVP) concentration in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose was measured by radioimmunoassay and was within the range of 2-5 pg/ml. during control periods [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anhydroglucochloral

• METHODS AND RESULTS: Experiments were performed in 14 chloralose-anesthetized dogs with sinoaortic denervation [40].
• Perivascular microapplication of CGRP to individual cortical arterioles of chloralose-anesthetized cats provoked dose-dependent dilatations (maximum increase in diameter, 38 +/- 5%; concentration eliciting half-maximal response, approximately equal to 3 nM) [41].
• Cardiac output and paced heart rate were held constant in chloralose-anesthetized dogs during right heart bypass [42].
• Blood flow in the circumflex coronary artery was measured in chloralose-anesthetized, closed-chest dogs with a newly developed cannula-tip flow transducer [43].
• Functional activation was carried out under chloralose anesthesia by electrical stimulation of forepaws [44].

References