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Chemical Compound Review

KST-1A4726     [(2R,3S,5S)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo- 3H-purin-9...

Synonyms: AR-1A8202, AC1L5320, ((GA)n), 29627-66-5, 41287-70-1, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Poly(dG-dA)n.poly(dC-dT)n

  • By screening a lambda phage library, the total number of (GA)n blocks was estimated to be 3.6 x 10(4) and the number of (GT)n blocks to be 2.3 x 10(4) per haploid wheat genome [1].
 

High impact information on Poly(dG-dA)n.poly(dC-dT)n

  • GAGA factor associates with euchromatic genes that are enriched in (GA)n motifs [2].
  • Here, we show that an immunoaffinity-purified Pc protein complex contains a DNA binding activity specific to the (GA)n motif in a PRE from the bithoraxoid region [3].
  • The microsatellite sequence (CT)n x (GA)n promotes stable chromosomal integration of large tandem arrays of functional human U2 small nuclear RNA genes [4].
  • A (GA)n repeat polymorphism in the human protamine 2 (PRM 2) gene [5].
  • (CT)n (GA)n repeats and heat shock elements have distinct roles in chromatin structure and transcriptional activation of the Drosophila hsp26 gene [6].
 

Biological context of Poly(dG-dA)n.poly(dC-dT)n

  • Sequencing of the promoter region reveals a potential TATA box and (GA)n motives [7].
  • There are several sequence similarities between the dhfr rhodopsin origin regions, including common transcription promoter consensus sequences, rodent Alu repeats with their 3'-A+T rich flanking sequences, A+T-rich yeast ARS and Drosophila SAR consensus sequences, and simple (GA)n repeats, but there are no extended regions of direct similarity [8].
  • The S3/1 sequence contains a stretch with exceptionally high numbers of (GA)n and (CA)n dinucleotide repeats [9].
  • After the presence of microsatellites in Arabidopsis and their utility for genetic mapping had been demonstrated, systematic screening for (CA)n and (GA)n sequences was carried out on marker-selected plasmid libraries and a small-insert genomic library [10].
  • Screening of a rice genomic library with poly(dG-dA).(dC-dT) and poly(dG-dT).(dC-dA) probes indicated that (GA)n repeats occurred, on average, once every 225 kb and (GT)n repeats once every 480 kb [11].
 

Anatomical context of Poly(dG-dA)n.poly(dC-dT)n

 

Associations of Poly(dG-dA)n.poly(dC-dT)n with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Poly(dG-dA)n.poly(dC-dT)n

  • We report the identification of two (GT)n simple sequence repeats (SSRs) near the rat phosphoglucomutase gene (Pgm1) gene and two SSRs, (GA)n and (GT)n, near the rat complement component 8 beta gene (C8b) [15].
  • A single nucleotide polymorphism and a (GA)n microsatellite in intron 6 of the canine endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) gene [16].
  • A cluster of six multiallelic microsatellites has been identified in the TNF region, named TNF a-e. TNFb, TNFc, TNFd, and TNFe are (GA)n repeats, whereas TNFa and TNFf are (GT)n and (CA)n repeats, respectively [17].
  • Using cloned (dG-dA)n X (dC-dT)n DNA duplexes [GA)n) as models of homopurine-homopyrimidine S1-hypersensitive sites, we show that cleavage of the alternate (non-B, non-Z) DNA structure by S1 nuclease is length-dependent, in both supercoiled and linear forms, which are similar because of the identity of their nicking profiles [18].
  • Upstream of a putative promoter region of the VMAT2 gene, there exist polymorphic sequences consisting of two microsatellites, (CA)n and (GA)n. We performed a case-control study of this polymorphic region to determine whether the VMAT2 gene is related to PD [19].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Poly(dG-dA)n.poly(dC-dT)n

References

  1. Abundance, variability and chromosomal location of microsatellites in wheat. Röder, M.S., Plaschke, J., König, S.U., Börner, A., Sorrells, M.E., Tanksley, S.D., Ganal, M.W. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1995) [Pubmed]
  2. Chromatin profiling using targeted DNA adenine methyltransferase. van Steensel, B., Delrow, J., Henikoff, S. Nat. Genet. (2001) [Pubmed]
  3. pipsqueak encodes a factor essential for sequence-specific targeting of a polycomb group protein complex. Huang, D.H., Chang, Y.L., Yang, C.C., Pan, I.C., King, B. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  4. The microsatellite sequence (CT)n x (GA)n promotes stable chromosomal integration of large tandem arrays of functional human U2 small nuclear RNA genes. Bailey, A.D., Pavelitz, T., Weiner, A.M. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  5. A (GA)n repeat polymorphism in the human protamine 2 (PRM 2) gene. Schnülle, V., Schlicker, M., Engel, W. Hum. Mol. Genet. (1994) [Pubmed]
  6. (CT)n (GA)n repeats and heat shock elements have distinct roles in chromatin structure and transcriptional activation of the Drosophila hsp26 gene. Lu, Q., Wallrath, L.L., Granok, H., Elgin, S.C. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  7. Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase gene. Structure, evolution and mutations. Fournier, D., Karch, F., Bride, J.M., Hall, L.M., Bergé, J.B., Spierer, P. J. Mol. Biol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  8. Localization and DNA sequence of a replication origin in the rhodopsin gene locus of Chinese hamster cells. Gale, J.M., Tobey, R.A., D'Anna, J.A. J. Mol. Biol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  9. Genetic instability of a dinucleotide repeat-rich region in three hematologic malignancies. Indraccolo, S., Simon, M., Hehlmann, R., Erfle, V., Chieco-Bianchi, L., Leib-Moesch, C. Leukemia (1995) [Pubmed]
  10. Assignment of 30 microsatellite loci to the linkage map of Arabidopsis. Bell, C.J., Ecker, J.R. Genomics (1994) [Pubmed]
  11. Abundance, polymorphism and genetic mapping of microsatellites in rice. Wu, K.S., Tanksley, S.D. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1993) [Pubmed]
  12. DNA sequence has an effect on the extent and kinds of alkylation of DNA by a potent carcinogen. Briscoe, W.T., Cotter, L.E. Chem. Biol. Interact. (1985) [Pubmed]
  13. Systematic screening of sheep skin cDNA libraries for microsatellite sequences. DeSilva, U., Franklin, I.R., Maddox, J.F., van Hest, B., Adelson, D.L. Cytogenet. Genome Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  14. SSR-based linkage map with new markers using an intraspecific population of common wheat. Torada, A., Koike, M., Mochida, K., Ogihara, Y. Theor. Appl. Genet. (2006) [Pubmed]
  15. Molecular mapping of SSRs for Pgm1 and C8b in the vicinity of the rat fatty locus. Kershaw, E.E., Chua, S.C., Williams, J.A., Murphy, E.M., Leibel, R.L. Genomics (1995) [Pubmed]
  16. A single nucleotide polymorphism and a (GA)n microsatellite in intron 6 of the canine endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) gene. Zemke, D., Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan, V. Anim. Genet. (1999) [Pubmed]
  17. Identification of a novel 120 bp allele at the TNFd microsatellite locus. Wastowski, I.J., Peres, N.T., Simões, R.T., Castelli, E.C., Simões, A.L., Martinez-Rossi, N.M., Donadi, E.A. Tissue Antigens (2006) [Pubmed]
  18. Sequence-dependent S1 nuclease hypersensitivity of a heteronomous DNA duplex. Evans, T., Efstratiadis, A. J. Biol. Chem. (1986) [Pubmed]
  19. Lack of association between polymorphic microsatellites of the VMAT2 gene and Parkinson's disease in Japan. Kariya, S., Hirano, M., Takahashi, N., Furiya, Y., Ueno, S. J. Neurol. Sci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  20. Polymorphic microsatellite loci of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Kunieda, T., Kobayashi, E., Tachibana, M., Ikadai, H., Imamichi, T. Mamm. Genome (1992) [Pubmed]
 
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