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Chemical Compound Review:

Poly(dC-dG) [(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo- 3H-purin-9...

Synonyms: Poly d(G-C), AC1L2354, 25512-84-9, 29855-95-6, Poly(dC).poly(dG), ...

Banerjee, R. et al., Christen, T. et al., Basu, H.S. et al., Chin, W.W. et al., Nara-Inui, H. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of Deoxyribo-GC polymer

Using both direct and competitive filter binding assays, we found that the eluted proteins bind to brominated poly(dG-dC) (Z-DNA) and poly(dG-m5dC) but not to poly(dG-dC) (B-DNA), native or denatured E. coli or calf thymus DNA, or brominated oligonucleotides [1].
Poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) and Micrococcus lysodeikticus DNA were modified by exposure to reductively activated mitomycin C, an antitumor antibiotic [2].
Substrates with extreme structural features, like poly(dA).poly(dT) or poly(dG).poly(dC), are cleaved by the Serratia nuclease with a 50 times higher or 10 times lower K(m), respectively, as salmon testis DNA [3].
Calculated compression, bending, shearing, torsion, and base-tilting force constants of B- and A-form poly(dG).poly(dC) [4].
The circular dichroic (CD) spectra of natural DNAs (from Cl. perfringens, T2 phage, calf thymus, E. coli, and M. lysodeikticus) as well as duplexes of synthetic DNAs (poly(dA) X poly(dT), poly(dA-dT), and poly(dG-dC] were measured in water-ethanol mixtures with 0.3 mM NaCl [5].

High impact information on Deoxyribo-GC polymer

Poly(dG-Br5dC) in the Z-form competed well for the binding of a zuotin containing fraction, but salmon sperm DNA, poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT) were not effective [6].
To further investigate the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of the beta-globin gene, 50-base-pair poly(dG-dC) tracts were introduced into various sites in a mouse-human hybrid gene, and these inserts were methylated by means of the Hha I methylase [7].
The presence of another purine-pyrimidine alternating sequence was also surveyed in eukaryotic genomes by Southern blot hybridization using 32P-labeled poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) as the probe [8].
Double-stranded DNA complementary to total poly(A)+RNA derived from a mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor was prepared enzymatically, inserted into the Pst I site of the plasmid pBR322 by using poly(dC).poly(dG) homopolymeric extensions, and cloned in Escherichia coli chi 1776 [9].
Of the two synthetic double-stranded polymers, poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), bound to the diol-epoxide, only the former showed a marked hydrolysis after endonuclease S1 treatment, whereas binding occurred 24-fold more on the latter [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Deoxyribo-GC polymer

The repair of O6-methylguanine present in N-methylnitrosourea (MNU)-treated alternating polynucleotides MNU-poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) and MNU-poly(dG-me5dC) X poly(dG-me5dC] was investigated using O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase purified from Escherichia coli [11].
Excision of the imidazole ring-opened form of N-2-aminofluorene-C(8)-guanine adduct in poly(dG-dC) by Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase [12].
Results from an ethidium displacement study on poly(dA-dT), poly(dG-dC), calf thymus DNA and T4 coliphage DNA showed that compounds 2-4 interact in the minor groove of the polynucleotides with a preference for poly(dA-dT) over poly(dG-dC) [13].

Biological context of Deoxyribo-GC polymer

To assess the role of neighboring DNA sequences in gene regulation, poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly(dG).poly(dC) were cloned adjacent to promoters of the lactose control region [14].
The effect of intercalating drugs on the kinetics of the B to Z transition of poly(dG-dC) [15].
Salt induced B----A transition of poly(dG).poly(dC) and the stabilization of A form by its methylation [16].
Interaction of Z form poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) with divalent metal ions: localization of the binding sites by I.R. spectroscopy [17].
Quantitative competitive reconstitution shows that the length of the tracts per se does not adversely affect their propensity to form nucleosomes, since even 150 base-pair poly(dG).poly(dC) forms nucleosomes as well as heterogeneous-sequence DNA [18].

Anatomical context of Deoxyribo-GC polymer

The hybridoma supernatants that reacted with HEp-2 cytoskeleton were either polyspecific for various nucleic acid antigens, such as single-stranded DNA, DNA, poly(dA:dT), poly(dG).poly(dC), RNA, and cardiolipin, or were restricted to cardiolipin [19].
Three proteins from bull testis, previously thought to be Z-DNA-binding proteins but recently found to recognize brominated poly(dG-dC). poly(dG-dC) by criteria different from the Z-conformation, were partially sequenced [20].
Differences in the CD spectra between poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT)/chromatin, poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC)/chromatin and H1/H5 stripped chicken erythrocyte chromatin suggest subtle differences in assembly [21].

Associations of Deoxyribo-GC polymer with other chemical compounds

Protonated polynucleotides structures - 22.CD study of the acid-base titration of poly(dG).poly(dC) [22].
The conformation of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), poly(dG).poly(dC), and calf thymus DNA modified with N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-acetoxy-AAF) was examined by extent of reaction with anti cytidine antibodies [23].
The rates of H-D exchange for imino and amino protons in adenosine, calf thymus DNA, poly (dA-dT), poly(dG-dC), and poly (dG-me5dC) were determined using stopped flow kinetic methods in the presence of various concentrations of Tris, imidazole, Mg2+, and spermine in citrate buffer (pH 7, 25 degrees C) [24].
Zinc ions also stabilize the dG.dG.dC triplex for relatively long poly(dG).poly(dC) sequences (more than 24 base-pairs at pH 7) [25].
Fluorescence-detected circular dichroism of ethidium bound to poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG-m5dC) under B- and Z-form conditions [26].

Gene context of Deoxyribo-GC polymer

The Ntg1 and Ntg2 proteins also release 2, 6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-N-methylformamido-pyrimidine from damaged poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) [27].
High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 bind preferentially to brominated poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) in the Z-DNA conformation but not to other types of Z-DNA [20].
We report here that a positioned nucleosome in the BAR1 promoter is disrupted in cis by the insertion of diverse DNA sequences such as poly(dA) . poly(dT) and poly(dC-dG) . poly(dC-dG), leading to inappropriate partial derepression of BAR1 [28].
One class, with broad specificity, reacted well with all sequences in the Z-form, including poly(dG-dC), poly(dG-dm5C), and poly (dG-dBr5C) in linear polymers and poly(dG-dC)n and poly[(dC-dA)n.(dT-dG)n] sequences in supercoiled plasmids [29].
We found that potential Z-DNA forming polymers such as, poly(dG-m5dC) X poly(dG-m5dC) and poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC), cotransfected with the tk gene decreased the level of Tk+ transformed colonies [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Deoxyribo-GC polymer

Poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG).poly(dC) were modified by treatment with N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene, and their conformations were examined by circular dichroism and susceptibility to nuclease S1 digestion [31].
The CD spectrum in this region should complement other spectroscopic methods in relating the structures of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) existing in solution to those determined in the solid state by x-ray crystallography [32].
The NMR titrations of 1-3 with poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG-dC) suggested preferential binding to the ATAT sequence [33].
Characterization of DNA structures by Raman spectroscopy: high-salt and low-salt forms of double helical poly(dG-dC) in H2O and D2O solutions and application to B, Z and A-DNA [34].
When tested by ELISA, anti-G reacted with poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) treated with bromine water [Br-poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC)] but anti-C did not [35].

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