Disease relevance of Enniatin

• The mode of Pdr5p inhibition of enniatin was competitive against FK506, and its inhibitory activity was more potent with less toxicity than that of FK506 [1].

High impact information on Enniatin

• Cyclosporin synthetase shows cross-reactions with monoclonal antibodies directed against enniatin synthetase [2].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the widespread Fusarium secondary metabolite enniatin (ENN), a cyclic hexadepsipeptide, on human cell growth and survival [3].
• To test the hypothesis that enniatin contributes to pathogenicity, enniatin-nonproducing mutants were constructed by gene disruption of the enniatin synthetase gene of a virulent Fusarium avenaceum strain [4].
• Thus, it was found that the isonitrile shows a different inhibitory spectrum from that of FK506 and enniatin as a potent inhibitor for Pdr5p, Cdr1p, and Cdr2p [5].
• With the patch clamp technique in the inside-out mode it could be shown that enniatin easily incorporates into the cell membrane in which it forms cation-selective pores [6].

Biological context of Enniatin

• Effect of disruption of the enniatin synthetase gene on the virulence of Fusarium avenaceum [4].
• Arrangement of catalytic sites in the multifunctional enzyme enniatin synthetase [7].
• Alkali ion transport through lipid bilayer membranes mediated by enniatin A and B and beauvericin [8].
• The deduced amino acid sequence of the product shares high similarity to the 430 amino acid methyltransferase portion of enniatin synthetase of Fusarium scirpi and the corresponding portions of another fungal peptide synthetase catalyzing the biosynthesis of the N-methylated cyclopeptide cyclosporin [9].
• The methyltransferase portion of the N-methyl-peptide-synthetase gene, synthesizing enniatin from Fusarium sambucinum, was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers derived from the highly conserved sequences of the flanking peptide synthetase domain [9].

Anatomical context of Enniatin

• The MRC-5 cell line in combination with the BrdU assay resulted in the lowest inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) for exposure with enniatins in the range 0.8 microM (enniatin A) to 3.6 microM (enniatin B) [10].

Associations of Enniatin with other chemical compounds

• A non-toxic concentration of each enniatin (5 microg/ml, approximately 7.8 microM) strongly inhibited a Pdr5p-mediated efflux of cycloheximide or cerulenin in Pdr5p-overexpressing cells [1].
• A rapid, sensitive and inexpensive HPLC method for routine screening of beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and enniatin B(1), A(1), and B has been optimized [11].
• Fusarium sambucinum liquid surface cultures on semi-defined medium with glucose as carbon source passed through well-defined phases corresponding to trophophase, idiophase (enniatin production), and a degenerative phase [12].
• 5. The polyene antibiotic, nystatin, which forms channels in membranes permeable to K+ and H+, inhibits systems 1 and 2 activity but enniatin (also a K+ ionophore) does not [13].
• Secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. including beauvericin, enniatin and moniliformin are mycotoxins identified in cereal samples [14].

Gene context of Enniatin

• LC-MS conditions for enniatin analyses by API electrospray technique were set up, this allowing a unique identification of three different enniatins [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Enniatin

• To find out whether enniatin synthesis is an intramolecular process or the result of three interacting Esyn molecules (intermolecular), analytical ultracentrifugation equilibration studies were carried out [15].

References