Disease relevance of AIDS208082

• Beauvericin, a cyclic hexadepsipeptide, is a mycotoxin that can induce cell death in human lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM cells [1].
• Their toxicity, as well as the toxicity of the related fungal metabolite beauvericin (Bea) and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin, was tested in two cell lines of human origin (hepatocellular carcinoma-line Hep G2 and fibroblast-like foetal lung cell line MRC-5) by using the BrdU and Alamar Blue assays [2].
• Beauvericin induces cytotoxic effects in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation: the causative role of calcium [3].
• Involvement of Bcl-2 family, cytochrome c and caspase 3 in induction of apoptosis by beauvericin in human non-small cell lung cancer cells [4].
• The effect of macrotetrolides on insect tissues is analogous to the effect of secondary metabolites of fungi such as beauvericin, destruxin E, cyclosporin or tolypin, and differs from the effects of bacterial endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis or B. sphaericus [5].

High impact information on AIDS208082

• Beauvericin induced apoptosis of nonmalignant cholangiocytes in a concentration- (0 to 25 micromol/L) and time- (0 to 6 hours) dependent manner [6].
• An 18 mer bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide reduced expression of Bcl-2 protein by 50% and increased the rate of beauvericin-induced apoptosis more than threefold in the malignant cells [6].
• We now report that cells infected with T. gondii are resistant to multiple inducers of apoptosis, including Fas-dependent and Fas-independent CTL-mediated cytotoxicity, IL-2 deprivation, gamma irradiation, UV irradiation, and the calcium ionophore beauvericin [7].
• It was inhibited by forming purple membrane films on glass and by using the synergistic ionophores beauvericin and valinomycin, in an equimolar ratio with bR, at 7 degrees C. These systems afforded enrichment in the M intermediate and a rate of decay that could be conveniently studied [8].
• We endeavored to elucidate the mechanism of beauvericin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase by studying the effects of beauvericin in Xenopus oocytes [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of AIDS208082

• Assays of Fusarium culture extracts using Artemia salina larvae, showed F. subglutinans as one of the most toxigenic species, and its toxicity was mostly correlated to the capability to produce beauvericin (BEA) [10].

Biological context of AIDS208082

• Under current-clamp configuration, beauvericin reduced the firing frequency of action potentials [11].
• Beauvericin (30 microM) shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of I(Ca,L) to more negative membrane potentials by approximately -15 mV [11].
• Effects of beauvericin on the metabolic state and ionic homeostasis of ventricular myocytes of the guinea pig [12].
• Therefore, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) may play an important role in beauvericin-induced cell death in CCRF-CEM cells [1].
• The selectivity of binding of B ligands to two different oligonucleotides has been shown to be similar indicating that beauvericin does not have a strongly preferred base sequence or base site in the DNA [13].

Anatomical context of AIDS208082

• Block of L-type Ca2+ current by beauvericin, a toxic cyclopeptide, in the NG108-15 neuronal cell line [11].
• Beauvericin also displayed prominent cytotoxic effects in Xenopus oocytes in a dose-dependent manner [9].
• Beauvericin, a cyclic hexadepsipeptide with antibiotic properties, has been shown to reduce contraction force and to affect action potential parameters of guinea pig papillary muscles [12].
• Analysis of spent media of B. bassiana and the hemolymph of infected and moribund larvae revealed that beauvericin was not present in a soluble form during the time that most (about 90%) larvae died of fungal infection (4 days) [14].
• Induction of calcium influx from extracellular fluid by beauvericin in human leukemia cells [1].

Associations of AIDS208082 with other chemical compounds

• This is the first report of the natural occurrence of fusaproliferin outside Italy and of the natural occurrence of beauvericin in North America [15].
• The ability of relatively high (10 and 100 microm) doses of other mycotoxins that bear no structural similarity to fumonisins, including aflatoxin B1, cyclopiazonic acid, beauvericin, T-2 toxin, sterigmatocystin, luteoskyrin, verrucarin A, scirpentriol, and zearalenone, to block ceramide synthase was also determined [16].
• Moniliformin (MON), enniatins (ENNs), and beauvericin (BEA) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography [17].
• An inhibitory effect of beauvericin, a cyclodepsipeptide, on a high K+-induced contraction in guinea-pig taenia coli was compared with those of verapamil, an organic Ca2+ antagonist, and monensin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration [18].
• Secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. including beauvericin, enniatin and moniliformin are mycotoxins identified in cereal samples [19].

Gene context of AIDS208082

• Our data suggest that beauvericin-induced apoptosis occurs by a Ca(2+)-dependent CPP-32 protease-sensitive pathway despite cholangiocyte expression of Bcl-2 [20].
• These data indicate that beauvericin is one of the most potent and specific ACAT inhibitors of microbial origin [21].
• A large number of proapoptotic agents were ineffective in inducing apoptosis in rat or human cholangiocytes in culture; in contrast, beauvericin, a K+ ionophore, caused apoptosis in both cell lines, despite their expression of Bcl-2 [20].
• All 15 isolates produced FB1, FB2, MON and BEA in culture on rice [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AIDS208082

• Removal of extracellular Ca(2+), as well as perfusion of lanthanide, abrogated beauvericin-induced currents [9].
• Determination of the Fusarium mycotoxin beauvericin at micrograms/kg levels in corn by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection [23].
• Observation of non-covalent interactions between beauvericin and oligonucleotides using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [13].
• Three new beauvericins, designated beauvericins D, E and F, were isolated along with known beauvericin and beauvericin A, from the culture of Beauveria sp. FKI-1366 by solvent extraction, ODS column chromatography and HPLC [24].
• After 4 h of incubation no significant decrease in cell viability was recorded in SF-9 cell cultures exposed to low concentrations of beauvericin, i.e. 100 nM and 300 nM [25].

References