Disease relevance of Fusarium

• The N-terminal halves of two tomato R proteins, I-2 conferring resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and Mi-1 conferring resistance to root-knot nematodes and potato aphids, were produced as glutathione S-transferase fusions in Escherichia coli [1].
• Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusarium moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B1, in rats [2].
• Zearalenone is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium which colonize maize, barley, oats, wheat and sorghum and have been implicated in numerous mycotoxicoses in farm animals, especially pigs [3].
• A collection of 76 plant-pathogenic and 41 saprophytic Fusarium oxysporum strains was screened for sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by multiple strains of antagonistic Pseudomonas fluorescens [4].
• Comparative study on the natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes and zearalenone) in corn and wheat from high- and low-risk areas for human esophageal cancer in China [5].

High impact information on Fusarium

• Fusarium solani cutinase is a lipolytic enzyme with a catalytic serine accessible to solvent [6].
• Fumonisins are sphinganine analogues produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related fungi [7].
• The effects of methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate (MBC), one of only a few agents that are active against microtubules of fungi, were analyzed at the ultrastructural level in freeze-substituted hyphal tip cells of Fusarium acuminatum [8].
• Furthermore, the jin1/myc2 and aba2-1 mutants showed increased resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum [9].
• Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a programmed cell death-eliciting toxin produced by the necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen Fusarium moniliforme, was used to simulate pathogen infection in Arabidopsis [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fusarium

• Role of chemotaxis toward fusaric acid in colonization of hyphae of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici by Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 [11].
• The plant-pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum was successfully transformed with the beta-D-glucuronidase gene from Escherichia coli (gusA) (GUS system) in combination with the gene for nitrate reductase (niaD) as the selectable marker [12].
• Natural occurrence of the mycotoxin fusarochromanone, a metabolite of Fusarium equiseti, in cereal feed associated with tibial dyschondroplasia [13].
• The interaction between two Fusarium mycotoxins, zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivative (')alpha-zearalenol ((')alpha-ZOL), with two food-grade strains of Lactobacillus was investigated [14].
• This approach has been implemented with Fusarium galactose oxidase and Stigmatella aurantiaca putative galactose oxidase [15].

Biological context of Fusarium

• Nucleotide sequence of the unique nitrate/nitrite-inducible cytochrome P-450 cDNA from Fusarium oxysporum [16].
• Frp1 is a Fusarium oxysporum F-box protein required for pathogenicity on tomato [17].
• Thus, RFO1 encodes a novel type of dominant disease-resistance protein that confers resistance to a broad spectrum of Fusarium races [18].
• Identification of intermediate and branch metabolites resulting from biotransformation of 2-benzoxazolinone by Fusarium verticillioides [19].
• Antibodies prepared against a pectin-inducible pectate lyase (pectate lyase A [PLA]) produced by a phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Nectria haematococca, mating type VI), was previously found to protect the host from infection [20].

Anatomical context of Fusarium

• The cancer-initiating potential of the fumonisin B (FB) mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme was screened in rat liver for their ability to induce rare hepatocytes with an acquired resistance to the mitoinhibitory effect of 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (2-AAF) [21].
• Corneas of immunocompetent and cyclophosphamide-treated adult BALB/c mice were topically inoculated with Fusarium solani after corneal scarification [22].
• Voriconazole was more active than itraconazole against a number of hyaline molds, including several Fusarium spp. and Scedosporium prolificans [23].
• The extracellular fluid of the plant pathogen, Fusarium solani f. pisi, grown on the plant cuticular polymer, cutin, was shown to contain cutinase and p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolase activities (R.E. Purdy and P.E. Kolattukudy (1973), Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 159, 61) [24].
• Trichothecene-producing strains of Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium poae were toxic to A. salina and to lymphocyte blastogenesis [25].

Associations of Fusarium with chemical compounds

• Trichothecenes, zearalenone, and other carcinogenic metabolites of Fusarium and related microfungi [26].
• We propose that one or both of these leucine-rich repeats are involved in Fusarium wilt resistance with I2 specificity [27].
• Here, we demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of this thionin enhances the resistance of the susceptible ecotype Columbia (Col-2) against attack by Fusarium oxysporum f sp matthiolae [28].
• Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum [29].
• The flavoprotein nitroalkane oxidase (NAO) from Fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to the respective aldehydes with production of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide [30].

Gene context of Fusarium

• Isolation and structure elucidation of Chlorofusin, a novel p53-MDM2 antagonist from a Fusarium sp [31].
• ATAF2 overexpressing plants showed a higher susceptibility to the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum [32].
• We have cloned a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) designated Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi mitogen-activated protein kinase (FsMAPK) from the phytopathogenic filamentous fungus F. solani f. sp. pisi T8 strain [33].
• Role of chitin synthase genes in Fusarium oxysporum [34].
• By using our original assay system, a fungal strain producing inhibitors for Pdr5p was obtained and classified as Fusarium sp. Y-53 [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fusarium

• An extracellular pectate lyase from Fusarium moniliformae was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography followed by gel filtration, with a yield of 76.5% [36].
• Sixteen Fusarium isolates belonging to F. graminearium Schw. and F. culmorum (W.G. Smith) Sacc. produced vomitoxin and zearalenone on cracked corn at 28 degrees C. Quantitation for vomitoxin was by gas-liquid chromatography [37].
• A combination of this HPLC method with a gas-liquid chromatographic method for trichothecenes may be applied to the simultaneous detection of Fusarium mycotoxins (zearalenone, nivalenol and deoxynivalenol) in cereals [38].
• The sesquiterpene cyclase, trichodiene synthetase, has been purified from a supernatant fraction of Fusarium sporotrichioides by hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography [39].
• Determination of the Fusarium mycotoxin beauvericin at micrograms/kg levels in corn by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection [40].

References