Disease relevance of butyltin

• Comparative developmental toxicity of butyltin trichloride, dibutyltin dichloride and tributyltin chloride in rats [1].

High impact information on butyltin

• The degradation of butyltin compounds during their metabolism was computed using least-squares isotope pattern deconvolution, and their concentration was measured by reverse isotope dilution analysis using natural-abundance MBT, DBT, and TBT standards [2].
• A double-enriched spike containing 119Sn-enriched MBT and TBT and 118Sn-enriched DBT allowed for the simultaneous determination of the three butyltin species and the factors governing species interconversion [3].
• Results suggest that extraction efficiency was quantitative with extraction times as low as 10 min for all butyltin species at 110 degrees C. Decomposition reactions were only detected at the higher temperatures assayed (140 and 175 degrees C) and that was only for the degradation of DBT to MBT (approximately 4%) [3].
• Evaluation of accelerated solvent extraction for butyltin speciation in PACS-2 CRM using double-spike isotope dilution-GC/ICPMS [3].
• The potential harm of such food contamination was evaluated by the toxic research of butyltin compounds using Daphnia sp. as the experimental model [4].

Biological context of butyltin

• A conservative projection, based on laboratory data, suggests that the emission of butyltin into the atmosphere may reach as high as 150 ng/m2 of water/yr from a polluted marine environment, suggesting a very significant level of release of butyltin from seawater at the global level [5].
• Seasonal variations of butyltin compounds have been identified and together with a knowledge of local conditions we estimate the sediment layers represent 14 years of deposition [6].
• The use of butyltin compounds in some food packaging leads to the contamination of liquid food and may result in subsequent adverse effects on people's health through the food chain [7].
• The animals were separated into small (< or = 25 mm) and big (>25 mm) specimens based on total shell length and both incidence of imposex and body burden of butyltin (BT) were determined [8].
• Methyltin compounds appear to form within the lake mainly by methylation of inorganic Sn, and butyltin compounds are derived from anthropogenic sources [9].

Anatomical context of butyltin

• Further, the levels of these butyltin compounds and their derivatives in the mitochondrial fractions of the hepatocytes were investigated in these animal species [10].
• The results of this study provide evidence that butyltin compounds significantly inhibit NK cell function and possible NK cell-mediated immunotoxic potential in humans [11].
• Estimation of the human intestinal permeability of butyltin species using the Caco-2 cell line model [12].
• Health effects following exposure to butyltin compounds are usually in the immune system, but endocrine effects of butyltin from a variety of marine species have been documented [13].
• Despite mounting evidence on butyltin (BT) contamination and related immunotoxic effects on wildlife, very little is known about BT-associated immunotoxic effects on humans, particularly the effects on human natural killer (NK) lymphocyte function [14].

Associations of butyltin with other chemical compounds

• Determination of butyltin and phenyltin species by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection [15].
• The present study evaluates the estrogenic potential of three butyltin compounds (mono-, di-, and tributyltin) in an in vitro system based on the E-Screen assay [16].
• Concerning the liver metabolism of these butyltin compounds, the main form of butyltin compounds in these animals treated with TBTC was DBTC within 3 h after oral administration, while the main metabolites at 24 h were different in each species, indicating that the liver metabolism of TBTC might vary by animal type [17].
• Antifoulant (butyltin and copper) concentrations in sediments from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia [18].
• Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) have been investigated for determination of butyltin and octyltin stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) products [19].

Gene context of butyltin

• The present study did not confirm the inhibition of aromatase as the mechanism for an endocrine effect of butyltin compounds; moreover, the inhibition of cell proliferation by DBT and TBT occurred at concentrations at which no cytotoxicity was observed [16].
• No difference in BT or TBT concentration is observed between the two groups, but PT and TPT concentrations are higher in group B. Trophic levels in the food chain are often estimated using delta(15)N values [20].
• These results suggest that hepatic metabolism of butyltin compounds by cytochrome P450 is more closely related to the induction of hepatotoxicity by TBTC than by DBTC [21].
• In vitro inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 and enzyme activity by butyltin compounds in marine mammals [22].
• Applicability of solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography atomic emission detection (GC-MIP AED) for the determination of butyltin compounds in sediment samples [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of butyltin

• Rapid determination of butyltin species in water samples by multicapillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection following headspace solid-phase microextraction [24].
• Immobilization of microalgae for biosorption and degradation of butyltin chlorides [25].
• Determination of butyltin metabolites in the mouse liver by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry [26].

References