Disease relevance of Body Burden

• These results do not lend support to the hypothesis that DDT is causally related to breast cancer at the body-burden levels found in our study population but do not exclude the possibility that higher levels of exposure could still play a role in the etiology of this tumor [1].
• If N-nitroso compounds formed in vivo are among the causative factors for esophageal cancer in this area of northern China, ascorbic acid appears to be effective in lowering the body burden of these carcinogenic compounds, thus offering a rational basis for long-term intervention studies in this area [2].
• Until evidence is presented that substantially lowers the known body burden of methylmercury which causes toxicity, calculations indicate that the current 1.0 ppm regulatory level provides adequate protection for the average fish consumer, for young children, and for a significant number of consumers exceeding the acceptable daily intake [3].
• We examined effects on the immune system by giving genetically mercury-susceptible Brown Norway (BN) rats and mercury-resistant Lewis (LE) rats silver amalgam restorations in 4 molars of the upper jaw, causing a body burden similar to that described in human amalgam-bearers (from 250 to 375 mg amalgam/kg body weight) [4].
• Dialysis therapy may be required both to correct azotemia and to reduce the body burden of urate [5].

High impact information on Body Burden

• At present there are no suitable methods either to measure the body burden of cadmium or to treat cadmium poisoning [6].
• Penicillamine was shown to be an effective chelator of mercury when coupled with a mobilization test to assess body burden [7].
• Daily human exposure to DEHP in the U.S. is significant, and occupational and clinical exposures from DEHP-plasticized medical devices, e.g., blood bags, hemodialysis tubing, and nasogastric feeding tubes, increase body burden levels [8].
• Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disease that greatly increases the body burden of iron and the risk of hepatic disease among homozygotes [9].
• Greater expiration of azomethane and decreased conversion of AOM to MAM, both seen with restriction of dietary protein, were associated with a smaller body burden of DMH metabolites [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Body Burden

• Several potentially confounding factors were controlled for, after which investigators found that increasing body burdens of cadmium were associated consistently with dose-dependent suppression of immediate hypersensitivity and of immunoglobin G, but not immunoglobulins M, A, or E levels [11].
• Lymphocyte proliferation responses were studied in workers with moderately increased body burdens of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and other polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs, calculated as International Toxicity Equivalencies [I-TE]) [12].
• Dioxin/polychlorinated biphenyl body burden, diabetes and endometriosis: findings in a population-based study in Belgium [13].
• 6. The results show that the body burden of 2,4-D in dog is significantly higher than in rat for an equivalent dose, which is consistent with the increased sensitivity of dog to 2,4-D toxicity [14].
• Thus, patients who suffered bacterial infections had higher base-line urinary aluminium excretion, suggesting a higher body burden of aluminium [15].

Biological context of Body Burden

• Environmental exposures to benzene result in increases in body burden that are reflected in various biomarkers of exposure, including benzene in exhaled breath, benzene in blood and urinary trans-trans-muconic acid and S-phenylmercapturic acid [16].
• Studies performed earlier have shown a positive relation between blood lead (a parameter for lead body burden) and blood pressure, whereas such a relation between urine cadmium (a parameter for cadmium body burden) and blood pressure could not be shown [17].
• Urinary thymidine dimer as a marker of total body burden of UV-inflicted DNA damage in humans [18].
• We used a one-compartment, first-order pharmacokinetic model to predict the infant body burden of dioxin-like compounds that results from breast-feeding [19].
• Asymptomatic Pb poisoning of children remains a serious public health problem in the United States. Ca disodium EDTA is often used therapeutically to reduce the body burden of Pb [20].

Anatomical context of Body Burden

• WT and SLP-76(-/-) SLP-65(-/-) mice survived acute, low-dose infection and showed no difference in the number of liver or spleen LM colony-forming units, a measure of the total body burden of this organism [21].
• The dose-dependent changes in urinary excretion elicited by AT-125 were paralleled by increased rates of decline of 203Hg body burden and decreased rates of excretion in the feces [22].
• Level of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/Fs, PCBs) in human milk and the input to infant body burden [23].
• Subsequently, according to the hypothesis based on the marmoset data, extensive analyses on surface receptors of white blood cells were performed in workers with moderately increased body burdens of TCDD, and for further hypothesis generation > 60 triple-labeling assays were performed with each of the blood samples [24].
• The effect of blood cadmium (Cd), which reflects not only Cd body burden but also recent Cd exposure and communicates with fetal blood in the placenta, on newborn size at birth was investigated [25].

Associations of Body Burden with chemical compounds

• However, the presence of a positive deferoxamine-infusion test was suggestive of an elevated body burden of aluminum [26].
• The degree of linear correlation was improved when PTQ was correlated with the computer-calculated total body burden of digoxin [27].
• Available human data suggest that some individuals may respond to dioxin exposures with cancer and noncancer effects at body burdens within one to two orders of magnitude of those in the general population [28].
• Most humans have detectable body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and p,p'-dichlorophenyldichloroethylene p,p'-DDE), a metabolite of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) [29].
• The efficiency of Mi-ADMS in reducing the body burden of mercury was generally higher than the efficiency of the DMSA treatment [30].

Gene context of Body Burden

• The value of CYP1A1 induction as a biomarker of PCB exposure was tenuous because neither CYP1A1 levels nor EROD activity correlated with total PCB body burden [31].
• We did not detect any clear relationship or change in breast cancer risk based on joint ER/PR tumor status for body burden of PCBs, whether measured in blood serum or breast adipose tissue, by total PCBs or for specific congeners [32].
• These results indicate a greater body burden of promutagens, resulting from skin application of CT, in GSTM1-null subjects [33].
• These data suggest that Cd may increase the expression of CYP2A6 in liver, resulting in enhanced coumarin metabolism in subjects with high Cd body burden [34].
• A stained-glass artisan with depression and a retired junkyard worker with congestive cardiomyopathy had increased mobilizable body burdens of lead by calcium ethylenediaminetetaacetic acid testing [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Body Burden

• Two of the three patients who developed EEG abnormalities also had an increased aluminium body burden (positive DFO test) [36].
• Quantitative evaluation of urinary porphyrins as a measure of kidney mercury content and mercury body burden during prolonged methylmercury exposure in rats [37].
• Thus dietary nitrate does not appear to contribute to the levels of plasma nitrated proteins, as determined using a competitive inhibition of binding ELISA assay, but this does not preclude any contribution it may make to the total body burden of nitrotyrosine [38].
• For example, although PCB body burdens have been measured in the majority of the epidemiological studies, PCBs may simply reflect exposure to other fish-borne contaminants [39].
• By using estimates of the total body burden of iron, clinical symptoms, and the serum iron concentration, an appropriate decision can be made to initiate aggressive chelation therapy with deferoxamine [40].

References