High impact information on Zearalenol

• Method for detecting production of zearalenone, zearalenol, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol by Fusarium isolates [1].
• In the rat uterus bioassay, the alpha zearalenol isomer was three times more estrogenic than zearalenone while the beta isomer was equal in activity in zearalenone [2].
• The biotransformation for ZEA in animals involves the formation of two metabolites alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEA) and beta-zearalenol (beta-ZEA) which are subsequently conjugated with glucuronic acid [3].
• A spectrum of 13 trichothecenes of the A-type as well as of the B-type were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, zearalenone (ZEA), alpha- and beta-zearalenol (alpha- and beta-ZOL) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and UV-detection [4].
• The ZON metabolites alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZOL) and beta-zearalenol (beta-ZOL) were recovered at the duodenum beside the parent toxin ZON [5].

Biological context of Zearalenol

• Influence of the mycotoxins alpha- and beta-zearalenol and deoxynivalenol on the cell cycle of cultured porcine endometrial cells [6].
• Generally, alpha-zearalenol and ZEA possess estrogenic potencies that are approximately 50% compared to that of E2, and their order of estrogenic potency (in both in vitro receptor competitive binding and in vivo induction of Vtg and Zr-proteins levels) is: alpha-zearalenol > ZEA > beta-zearalenol [7].
• Activities of mycotoxins--citrinin, ochratoxin B, rubratoxin B, and zearalenol beta--that affected superoxide anion (O2-) production were studied on human neutrophils with regard to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation, nitric oxide (NO) formation, and chemotaxis of isolated cells [8].
• Influence of mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives (alpha and beta zearalenol) on apoptosis and proliferation of cultured granulosa cells from equine ovaries [9].

Anatomical context of Zearalenol

• Transformation of zearalenone and zearalenol by rat erythrocytes [10].
• Furthermore, we observed that hen hepatocytes metabolize faster and produce beta-zearalenol (ZEL) as the major metabolite, whereas rabbit hepatocytes metabolize ZEN slowly and mainly into alpha-ZEL, the more uterotrophic metabolite [11].
• Moreover, this study also demonstrated that the reactions for both subcellular fractions of porcine liver are dependent on the cofactor, as alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZOL) formation increased in the presence of NADPH, whereas beta-zearalenol (beta-ZOL) production only increased in the presence of NADH (P<0.001) [12].
• Significant differences were obtained at a concentration of 7.5 microM alpha-zearalenol and higher. beta-zearalenol negatively affected the process of oocyte development beginning at a concentration of 30.0 microM (P<0.05) [13].
• Cow and hen formed alpha-zearalenol almost entirely in the microsomal fraction and beta-zearalenol only in the cytosol fraction and only with NADPH as coenzyme [14].

Associations of Zearalenol with other chemical compounds

• ZEN was reduced to zearalenol (ZEL) by the S-9 fraction of rat-liver homogenates in the presence of NADH or NADPH [15].
• We describe results of a study in which a number of physicochemical constants for 12 Important Fusarium mycotoxins (zearalenone, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, neosolaniol monoacetate, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, moniliformin, fusarenon-X, HT-2 toxin, and beta-zearalenol) were determined [16].

Gene context of Zearalenol

• But unlike the others, zearalenol beta decreased HOCl production much more than one of O2-, indicating an effect also on myeloperoxidase secretion [8].
• The use of this combined approach to perform docking with main-chain flexibility is illustrated for the cyclophilin A-cyclosporin complex and the estrogen receptor in complex with zearalenol, while addressing the question of how much flexibility is allowed without hindering molecular recognition [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Zearalenol

• Determination of alpha- and beta-zearalenol and zearalenone in cereals by gas chromatography with ion-trap detection [18].
• The concentrations of ZON and its metabolites alpha- and beta-zearalenol (-ZOL) were determined quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after incubation with beta-glucuronidase and purification on immunoaffinity columns [19].
• Zearalenone and alpha- or beta-zearalenol (the metabolite likely to occur) have not been found in Canadian and European beers, except for one sample analyzed by thin-layer chromatography only [20].
• On oral administration, the estrogenic potency relative to 17 beta-estradiol is as follows: 7 alpha-zearalenol, 10 times less; zeranol, 150 times less; taleranol, 350 times less; zearalanone, 400 times less; zearalenone, 650 times less; 7 beta-zearalenol, 3500 times less [21].

References