Disease relevance of Duodenum

• Histochemical patterns in early lesions and infiltrating adenocarcinomas induced in mouse duodenum by n-ethyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine [1].
• The incidence of mesenchymal tumors (leiomyosarcoma) in the stomach and duodenum was higher following treatment with MNNG plus flurbiprofen as compared to the incidence following treatment with MNNG alone or in combination with 16,16-dm-PGE2 (P less than .005) [2].
• Thus we conclude that CCK, in physiological concentrations, delays gastric emptying, slows the delivery of glucose to the duodenum, and reduces postprandial hyperglycemia [3].
• Effect of graded amounts of acid instilled into the duodenum on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and plasma secretin in duodenal ulcer patients and normal subjects [4].
• Selective intra-arterial methylene blue injection was used to identify a 6-mm gastrinoma in the duodenum, which was locally excised [5].

Psychiatry related information on Duodenum

• Motor activity was recorded using a manometric probe positioned in the gastric antrum and in the proximal duodenum, and blood samples for radioimmunoassay of motilin were taken every 15 min during the recording period [6].
• However, the ir-DYN and ir-alpha-NEO contents in the duodenum were markedly increased after food deprivation, while chronic fenfluramine treatment led to a dramatic decrease in the ir-DYN content [7].
• In contrast, ODC activity in the duodenum began to increase at 1700 h, which is when rats do not normally eat, as indicated by the recorded feeding pattern [8].

High impact information on Duodenum

• The adherent mucus gel acts as a physical barrier against luminal pepsin and provides a stable unstirred layer that supports surface neutralization of acid by mucosal HCO3-. Surface neutralization by mucosal HCO3- provides a major mechanism of protection against acid in the proximal duodenum [9].
• METHODS: In a double-blind study, we randomly assigned 935 patients who required continuous NSAID therapy and who had ulcers or more than 10 erosions in the stomach or duodenum (or both) to receive 20 mg or 40 mg of omeprazole orally in the morning or 200 microg of misoprostol orally four times daily [10].
• Expression of p45 NF-E2 messenger RNA was detected in erythroid tissues of normal mice and in the duodenum of normal and severely anaemic beta-thalassaemic (Hbbd-th3/Hbbd-th3) mice [11].
• The motilin receptor is expressed in enteric neurons of the human duodenum and colon [12].
• It is hypothesized that the rapid arrival and glucose in the duodenum may produce hunger [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Duodenum

• Panfuran-S in the diet produced a high incidence of invasive and metastatic adenocarcinomas of the duodenum and the jejunum in outbred Wistar rats [14].
• The damaging effect of hydrochloric acid within the lumen of the stomach and duodenum should be diffuse, but chronic peptic ulcers are discrete and usually single [15].
• The effects of sodium oleate and triglyceride infused into the duodenum of dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas on pancreatic secretion and plasma immunoreactive secretin were investigated [16].
• Median transit times were determined from duodenum to fistulas at the midintestine, or at the terminal ileum, by recovery of polyethylene glycol and radiolabel in effluent from the fistulas [17].
• "Melanosis" of the duodenum associated with a gastric ulcer and folic acid deficiency [18].

Biological context of Duodenum

• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Pdx1 plays a pivotal role in pancreas organogenesis and specification of some types of cells in the duodenum and antral stomach [19].
• The strong predominance of DRA over NHE3 and NHE2 expression in duodenum was paralleled by much higher Cl-/HCO3- than Na+/H+ exchange rates in brush border membrane vesicles and likely explains the high duodenal HCO3- secretory rates [20].
• Involvement of Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase in the stimulation of preproinsulin and pancreatic duodenum homeobox 1 gene expression by glucose [21].
• The amino acid sequence deduced from the shorter transcript is identical to a precursor form of secretin recently isolated from porcine duodenum [Gafvelin, G., Jornvall, H. & Mutt, V. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6781-6785] [22].
• Dietary iron starvation results in a dramatic upregulation of the Nramp2 isoform I in the proximal portion of the duodenum only, whereas expression in the rest of the small intestine and in kidney remains largely unchanged in response to the lack of dietary iron [23].

Anatomical context of Duodenum

• Rats were anesthetized with Nembutal, the pancreas was exposed, and a 2- to 3-mm incision was made in the "head" of the pancreas approximately 1 cm from the duodenum [24].
• In intestinal mucosa the rate of chenodeoxycholic acid glucuronidation exhibited a progressive decrease from duodenum to colon, where it was 30% of the duodenal level [25].
• These observations suggest that peptone in the duodenum stimulates serotonin release which activates the sensory substance P neurons in the submucous plexus [26].
• Tritiated thymidine was administered IP to rats that had been exposed to benzalkonium chloride in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, resulting in neuronal ablation [27].
• When the gastroduodenal mucosa was assessed endoscopically 1 hour after the final dose of medication, there was minimal mucosal injury in placebo-treated or salsalate-treated subjects and considerable injury in the stomach and duodenum of aspirin-treated subjects (P less than 0.001, aspirin vs. salsalate or placebo) [28].

Associations of Duodenum with chemical compounds

• Administration of tetragastrin or histamine after MNNG treatment resulted in a significant increase in gastric acid secretion and a significant reduction in the incidence of tumors in the duodenum; however, only histamine decreased the incidence of tumors in the jejunum [29].
• Over 1 h, approximately 20% of the ethanol was absorbed from the stomach and 70% was emptied into the duodenum [30].
• In the washout experiments boluses of radiolabeled taurocholic acid were instilled into the duodenum before and after duodenal phase III of the migrating motor or myoelectric complex (MMC) [31].
• Ulcer formation and associated tumor production in multiple sites within the stomach and duodenum of rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine [32].
• Infusion of a liquid test meal into the duodenum evoked an immediate response of pancreatic enzyme and bilirubin outputs, respectively [33].

Gene context of Duodenum

• In CFTR knockout mice, MUCLIN shows increased expression at both mRNA and protein levels in pancreas and duodenum, but not in the gallbladder [34].
• CYP1A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and ethoxyresorufin activity were present constitutively in the duodenum of each volunteer [35].
• Regulation of transferrin, transferrin receptor, and ferritin genes in human duodenum [36].
• RESULTS: At baseline, COX-2 expression was 3-fold higher in Barrett's esophagus than esophagus and duodenum (P < 0.05) [37].
• METHODS: Using the yeast 2-hybrid system, we attempted to identify murine TFF1 interacting proteins by screening a stomach and duodenum complementary DNA (cDNA) expression library [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Duodenum

• A second preparation consisted of an intraluminal perfusion of ricinoleic acid, 2 microgram/kg per min, into the first section of the duodenum [39].
• In samples of bile aspirated from the duodenum of infants undergoing phototherapy, lumirubin was the principal bilirubin photoproduct found [40].
• Manometrically recorded contractions at the stomach corpus, midantrum, and antropyloric region as well as in the proximal duodenum of the conscious rat showed decreased contractions at the corpus and midantrum and an increase at the pyloric and duodenal sites during an intravenous infusion of cysteamine [41].
• Mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained endoscopically from the fundus, antrum, duodenal bulb, and postbulbar duodenum, and extracts were assayed for prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 concentrations by radioimmunoassay [42].
• Intraduodenally administered cimetidine (30 mg/kg) or dmPGE2 (30 micrograms/kg) significantly inhibited acid secretion or increased HCO3-secretion, respectively, and both reduced the amount of acid emptied into the duodenum after treatment with indomethacin plus histamine [43].

References