Disease relevance of C06199

• Hordenine did not affect vole diet intake, weight gain, or rate of mortality [1].
• Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were used to evaluate the relative toxicity of the alkaloids, gramine and hordenine, which are present in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and to assess their effects on the quality of this grass as a forage [1].
• The lowest tested dose rates that produced clinically observed signs were, for 5-methoxy dimethyltryptamine, 0.1 mg/kg body weight intravenously and 40 mg/kg orally; for gramine, 10 mg/kg intravenously and 500 mg/kg orally; and for hordenine, 20 mg/kg intravenously and 800 mg/kg orally [2].

High impact information on C06199

• Significant cross-reaction was seen with the low-grade toxin hordenine, but detection of tyramine was poorer, whereas the amino acid tyrosine was not detected [3].
• Hordenine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and behavioural effects in the horse [4].
• Animals dosed orally with 2.0 mg/kg bwt of hordenine showed no changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, basal body temperature or behaviour [4].
• Studies, with selective irreversible inhibitors of MAO, showed that hordenine was a highly selective substrate for MAO-B of liver and that it was not deaminated by the MAO-A of intestinal epithelium [5].
• Deamination of hordenine by monoamine oxidase and its action on vasa deferentia of the rat [5].

Biological context of C06199

• The two tertiary amine alkaloids, hordenine and gramine, which are biosynthesized in malt during germination, were subjected to nitrosation under conditions typical for the study of tertiary amine nitrosation [6].

Associations of C06199 with other chemical compounds

• Some hematological and histopathological effects of the alkaloids gramine and hordenine on meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) [1].
• Voles fed hordenine developed kidney lesions and glucose was detected in the urine of 62% of these animals [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C06199

• Hordenine also interfered with the thin layer chromatography of oxymorphone, hydromorphone and apomorphine [7].
• In order to distinguish hordenine from the opiate drugs, simple and sensitive gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed in this study [7].
• Screening and confirmation of drugs in urine: interference of hordenine with the immunoassays and thin layer chromatography methods [7].
• Hordenine cross-reacted with various enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits used for the screening of urine samples [7].

References