Disease relevance of Racemic-glycerol formal

• L-Threonine was similarly oxidized to 2-hydroxypropanal and its dehydration product, acrolein, an extremely reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde which alkylates proteins and nucleic acids [1].
• Lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.22) of Escherichia coli has been purified to homogeneity [2].
• The low threshold level of the compound and significant rate of metabolism suggested that the CNS toxicity reported in clinical studies might be due to some of its metabolites such as lactaldehyde and other oxo compounds [3].
• L-Rhamnose is degraded by strains of Salmonella typhimurium by isomerisation to L- rhamnulose , phosphorylation to L- rhamnulose -1-phosphate and cleavage to lactaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate [4].

High impact information on Racemic-glycerol formal

• Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to convert hydroxy-amino acids into glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein. A mechanism for the generation of highly reactive alpha-hydroxy and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes by phagocytes at sites of inflammation [1].
• The generation of glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein by activated phagocytes may thus play a role in AGE product formation and tissue damage at sites of inflammation [1].
• Involvement of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase in several metabolic pathways of Escherichia coli K12 [2].
• Identification of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase and glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase as functions of the same protein in Escherichia coli [5].
• Lactaldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli (aldA gene product, P25553) is an NAD(+)-dependent enzyme implicated in the metabolism of l-fucose and l-rhamnose [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Racemic-glycerol formal

• Crystal Structure of Lactaldehyde Dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli and Inferences Regarding Substrate and Cofactor Specificity [6].
• Two of these enzymes are Escherichia coli lactaldehyde (ALD) and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenases (PAD), which participate in the metabolism of fucose and phenylalanine, respectively [7].
• The glycolaldehyde generated in the cleavage of L-xylulose 1-phosphate by the rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase was oxidized by lactaldehyde dehydrogenase to glycolate, a compound normally utilized by E. coli [8].

Biological context of Racemic-glycerol formal

• In the present study, it is shown that in wild-type cells the full synthesis of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase requires the presence of both molecular oxygen and a small molecule effector, and the full synthesis of lactaldehyde reductase requires anaerobiosis and the presence of a small molecule effector [9].
• Analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutation affecting the synthesis of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase permitted us to locate an apparently single regulator gene linked to the ald locus at 31 min and probably acting as a positive control element on the expression of the structural gene [10].
• The microbial biotransformation of 1,2-propanediol to 2-hydroxypropanal (lactaldehyde) was studied [11].

Anatomical context of Racemic-glycerol formal

• Almost 90% of the total lactaldehyde-oxidizing activity is located in the cytosol [12].

Associations of Racemic-glycerol formal with other chemical compounds

• Assay of brain and liver alcohol dehydrogenase by the coupled oxido-reduction of ethanol and lactaldehyde in the presence of deoxycholate [13].
• Anaerobically, lactaldehyde is reduced to L-1,2-propanediol by an NADH-linked oxidoreductase (fucO product) [14].
• The lactaldehyde, in turn, was found to be generated either by the NAD(P)H reduction of methylglyoxal or by the aldol cleavage of fuculose-1-phosphate by fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase, the MJ1418 gene product [15].

Gene context of Racemic-glycerol formal

• Anaerobically, lactaldehyde is converted by a fucO-encoded oxidoreductase to L-1,2-propanediol, which is excreted [16].
• These metabolic conditions induced a propanediol oxidoreductase that converted the lactaldehyde formed in the dissimilation of either sugar into the diol [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Racemic-glycerol formal

• During the heterologous expression and purification of taxadiene synthase from the Pacific yew, lactaldehyde dehydrogenase from E. coli was identified as a minor (</=5%) side-product subsequent to its unexpected crystallization [6].

References