Disease relevance of POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• We measured urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion before and during pyridoxine administration (2 to 200 mg per day) in four patients with primary hyperoxaluria [1].
• METHODS: The ability of several vehicles (catgut spacer, polyglycolic acid, chromic catgut, and gelatin sponge matrix) to deliver the canarypox virus ALVAC to the cells of the murine prostate cancer cell line RM-1 was studied in vitro and in vivo [2].
• Letter: Polyglycolic-acid sutures and hypertrophic scars [3].
• Letter: Polyglycolic-acid suture and scar hypertrophy [4].
• All patients had markedly elevated glycolic acid levels of more than 7 meq/L and two patients had lactic acidosis, with lactic acid levels of greater than 5.0 meq/L [5].

Psychiatry related information on POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• Development of polylactic/glycolic acid delivery systems for use in treatment of narcotic addiction [6].
• The developmental toxicity of glycolic acid was assessed in rats by orally administering solutions of the test material in water over days 7-21 of gestation (the day of copulation plug detection was defined as day 1 of gestation) [7].

High impact information on POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH 1), an inborn error of glyoxylate metabolism characterized by excessive synthesis of oxalate and glycolate, is caused by a defect in serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT/AGT) [8].
• Beginning at about day 3, light-induced activities of enzymes involved in photorespiratory glycolate metabolism accumulate rapidly in microbodies [9].
• To neutralize the acids liberated by the biodegradable lactic/glycolic acid-based polyester, we coincorporated into the polymer an antacid, Mg(OH)2, which increased microclimate pH and prevented BSA structural losses and aggregation for over one month [10].
• In a strategy to circumvent the complicated purification protocols for MIS, Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the human MIS gene were seeded onto biodegradable polymers of polyglycolic acid fibers and secretion of MIS confirmed [11].
• In all animals, the TEL persisted in the pulmonary valve position after 8 to 10 weeks, and all polyglycolic acid polymer had been degraded [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• L-Lactate oxidase from Mycobacterium smegmatis catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glycollate, with formate, CO2, and H2O as the major products [13].
• The plant-like c2 glycolate cycle and the bacterial-like glycerate pathway cooperate in phosphoglycolate metabolism in cyanobacteria [14].
• Ethylene glycol, glycolic acid, and metabolic acidosis of unknown origin [15].
• Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase was partially characterized as an enzyme of this new metabolic pathway in E. coli, and glycolate was identified as the product of the reaction [16].
• Strains of E. coli harboring the chromosomal cbbZ gene showed high levels of activity of 2-phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP; EC 3.1.3.18), a key enzyme of glycolate metabolism in autotrophic organisms that is not present in wild-type E. coli [17].

Biological context of POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• The polypeptide chain folding near the FAD binding site is different from those observed in other flavoproteins, such as glutathione reductase and glycolate oxidase [18].
• Association of glycolate oxidation with photosynthetic electron transport in plant and algal chloroplasts [19].
• This operon, activated by growth on glycolate, is transcribed as a single message and is under the positive control of GlcC encoded by a divergent gene [20].
• The key steps include a Sharpless kinetic resolution and an asymmetric glycolate alkylation to establish the stereogenic centers adjacent to the ether linkage and a ring-closing metathesis reaction to construct the nine-membered ether without the aid of a cyclic conformational constraint [21].
• The use of polyglycolic acid (PGA) stretchable mesh applied to the experimentally injured canine spleen can achieve satisfactory immediate hemostasis by tamponade and simplifies the use of sutures to control remaining areas of hemorrhage [22].

Anatomical context of POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• A synthetic biodegradable scaffold consisting of polyglycolic acid fibers was seeded first with fibroblasts, then coated with endothelial cells [23].
• Washed thylakoids from spinach leaves oxidized glycolate at a rate of 22 mol per mg of chlorophyll per h [19].
• The inhibition of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase by a high concentration of glycolate [24].
• Acting in concert, these four antisickling effects (three solubilizing, one osmotic) reduced polymer fraction of glycolate-treated SS RBCs by 32% to 63%, with a concomitant decrease in sickling of 46% to 95% at the nominal pO2 of the microcirculation (20 mm Hg) [25].
• HAOX1 is expressed primarily in liver and pancreas and is most active on the two-carbon substrate, glycolate, but is also active on 2-hydroxy fatty acids [26].

Associations of POLYGLYCOLIC ACID with other chemical compounds

• Hydroxyacid oxidase 1 (Hao1) is a liver-specific peroxisomal enzyme that oxidizes glycolate to glyoxylate with concomitant production of H2O2 [27].
• The observed monodentate binding of glycolate to the active site manganese ion of oxalate oxidase is consistent with a mechanism involving C-C bond cleavage driven by superoxide anion attack on a monodentate coordinated substrate [28].
• Recombinant hTdp1, as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tdp1, catalyzed similar removal of glycolate, although less efficiently than removal of tyrosine [29].
• The reaction of sulfite, cyanide, and hydroxylamine with several deazaflavin-containing enzymes (glycolate oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase, glucose oxidase, N-methylglutamate synthetase) and free deazaFMN has been examined [30].
• A number of active site ligands have been identified; the tightest binding is observed with glycolate, which acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to sarcosine [31].

Gene context of POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• glc locus of Escherichia coli: characterization of genes encoding the subunits of glycolate oxidase and the glc regulator protein [32].
• In addition, the inhibition of activation of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB could contribute significantly to the inhibitory effect of glycolic acid [33].
• No effect on glycolate metabolism was detected by insertional mutation in glcG [32].
• Evidence is presented of the involvement of L-lactate permease in glycolate uptake [34].
• Their expression from a single promoter upstream of glcD is induced by growth on glycolate and regulated by the activator encoded by the divergently transcribed gene glcC [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of POLYGLYCOLIC ACID

• Hemodialysis clearance of glycolic acid was 105 mL/min, and 159 meq was removed in 3 hours [5].
• The microspheres were prepared with polymers of poly(lactic acid) or copolymers of glycolic acid and lactic acid [35].
• Surgical relief of causalgia with an artificial nerve guide tube: Successful surgical treatment of causalgia (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II) by in situ tissue engineering with a polyglycolic acid-collagen tube [36].
• The first enzyme-based biosensors capable of determining glycolic acid in various complex matrixes, such as cosmetics, instant coffee, and urine, are presented in this paper [37].
• 3. A pH titration revealed that the pK of the N(3) is shifted from 10.3 in free flavin to 6.4 in glycolate oxidase [38].

References