Disease relevance of SAT2

• The cancers were significantly hypomethylated at Sat2 relative to the fibroadenomas or normal somatic tissues and at Satalpha relative to the normal somatic tissues [1].
• Therefore, hypomethylation at Sat2 is a much better marker of breast cancer than is Satalpha hypomethylation [1].

High impact information on SAT2

• Importantly, extensive hypomethylation of Sat2 DNA in chromosome 1 was a highly significant marker of poor prognosis (relative risk for relapse, 4.1, and death, 9.4) and more informative than tumor grade or stage [2].
• Hypomethylation of satellite 2 (Sat2) DNA in 1q12 was analyzed by Southern blotting using methyl-sensitive enzyme digestion [3].
• While SSAT-1 mRNA was inducible by polyamine analogues in a variety of cell lines, SSAT-2 was not [4].
• A sharp decrease of activities of the glycolipid sialyltransferases: SAT-2 (CMP-NeuAc; GD3 alpha2-8 sialyltransferase) and SAT-4 (CMP-NeuAc: GM1a alpha2-3 sialyltransferase) was observed in the apoptotic carcinoma cells treated with L-PPMP compared with cis-platin [5].
• Although SSAT2 is 46% identical to SSAT1, based on a recent report, SSAT2 does not appear to function in polyamine catabolism [6].

Biological context of SAT2

• In transient transfection reporter gene assays, SSAT2 functions as a transcriptional coactivator for NF-kappaB and cooperates with CBP and P/CAF to enhance TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activity [6].
• The hypomethylation often involves satellite 2 (Sat2) DNA in the juxtacentromeric (centromere-adjacent) region of chromosome 1 [2].
• The high degree of methylation of Sat2 in late-passage AF cells indicates that hypomethylation of this repeat is not necessary for 1qh decondensation [7].
• The accuracy and stability of a new two-wavelength oximetry pulmonary artery catheter and SAT-2 oximeter were assessed in adult patients during and following cardiac surgery [8].
• Here, we report the development of quantitative MethyLight assays to determine the levels of methylated and unmethylated repeats, namely, Alu and LINE-1 sequences and the centromeric satellite alpha (Satalpha) and juxtacentromeric satellite 2 (Sat2) DNA sequences [9].

Anatomical context of SAT2

• Expression of SSAT2 in NIH-3T3 cells was not detrimental to growth, and did not reduce polyamine content or increase acetylpolyamines [10].
• There was a significant association of Sat2 hypomethylation with global DNA hypomethylation in the cancers but not with tumor grade, stage, axillary lymph node involvement, or hormone receptor status [1].

Associations of SAT2 with chemical compounds

• Spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase-2 (SSAT2) acetylates thialysine and is not involved in polyamine metabolism [10].
• SSAT2 should be renamed 'thialysine N(epsilon)-acetyltransferase', and may regulate this pathway [10].
• The kcat/K(m) values for spermine and spermidine for SSAT2 were <0.0003% those of SSAT1 [10].
• A promising candidate for the physiological substrate of SSAT2 is thialysine [S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine], which is acetylated predominantly at the epsilon-amino group with K(m) and kcat values of 290 muM and 5.2 s(-1) [10].

Other interactions of SAT2

• Spermidine/Spermine N(1)-Acetyltransferase 2 (SSAT2) functions as a coactivator for NF-kappaB and cooperates with CBP and P/CAF to enhance NF-kappaB-dependent transcription [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SAT2

• CONCLUSIONS: While the Oximetrix 3 and SAT-2 may be acceptable as continuous monitors used to detect changes or trends, none of the three systems is equivalent to conventional bench oximetry for the measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation [11].
• Methylation levels of Alu, Sat2 and LINE-1 repeats were significantly associated with global DNA methylation, as measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the combined measurements of Alu and Sat2 methylation were highly correlative with global DNA methylation measurements [9].

References