Disease relevance of Thoracic Surgery

• Amiodarone prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery [1].
• Independent correlates included age 70 years or older; self-reported alcohol abuse; poor cognitive status; poor functional status; markedly abnormal preoperative serum sodium, potassium, or glucose level; noncardiac thoracic surgery; and aortic aneurysm surgery [2].
• Altered therapeutic range for quinidine after myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous isradipine was effective and well tolerated in patients with hypertension after CABG and offers an additional therapeutic option to treat patients after cardiac surgery [4].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate oxidant stress in the heart, we measured pericardial fluid levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha), a specific and quantitative marker of oxidant stress in vivo, in a series of 51 consecutive patients with ischemic and/or valvular heart disease referred for cardiac surgery [5].

Psychiatry related information on Thoracic Surgery

• Recent data suggest a genetic predisposition for cognitive decline after cardiac surgery in patients possessing the apolipoprotein E epsilon-4 allele, known to be associated with late-onset and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: The study provides valid measures of the heterogeneity between outcomes of the Italian cardiac surgery centres, to support decision-making by NHS management and individual patients [7].
• Narcolepsy and cardiac surgery: can anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil be safe [8]?

High impact information on Thoracic Surgery

• Amiodarone prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery [9].
• Halothane-morphine compared with high-dose sufentanil for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in neonatal cardiac surgery [10].
• We conclude that the majority of patients who undergo elective cardiac surgery receive no hemostatic benefit from the use of desmopressin [11].
• OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that triiodothyronine (T(3)) administration improves hemodynamic variables and decreases inotropic drug requirements in cardiac surgery patients [12].
• To assess the relationship of donor alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level to recipient hepatitis, 283 transfused patients were prospectively followed up after open heart surgery; hepatitis developed in 12.7%, of which 97% was non-A, non-B [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thoracic Surgery

• CONCLUSIONS: Because the 2 antifibrinolytic agents appear to have similar efficacies, the considerably less-expensive epsilon-aminocaproic acid may be preferred over aprotinin for reducing hemorrhage with cardiac surgery [14].
• It is assumed that the exacerbation of quiescent Q fever endocarditis was caused by cardiac surgery and steroid therapy [15].
• The purpose of this study was to find a safe dosing regimen for esmolol infusion to rapidly control supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after cardiac surgery in Chinese patients [16].
• The pressure of pericardial constraint was measured in 20 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery (10 in Group I with normal cardiac size; 10 in Group II with cardiomegaly) using a catheter with a collapsible latex end balloon [17].
• Ciprofloxacin treatment of sternal wound infections following open heart surgery [18].

Biological context of Thoracic Surgery

• A coagulation disorder was seen after penicillin-G administration (10 million units/day) in uraemic patients and after high-dose penicillin G (40 million units/day) in patients with a normal glomerular filtration-rate (5 patients after cardiac surgery) [19].
• Steroid inhibition of cytokine-mediated vasodilation after warm heart surgery [20].
• We determined the effects of epinephrine on automaticity and action potential characteristics of right atrial specialized fibers (RAF) from human atria obtained during cardiac surgery [21].
• The use of tolazoline hydrochloride as a pulmonary vasodilator in potentially fatal episodes of pulmonary vasoconstriction after cardiac surgery in children [22].
• An in vivo, in situ model of neonatal cardiac surgery was established in which neutrophil adherence was manipulated by administering NPC 15669 (an inhibitor of neutrophil CD11b/CD18 surface receptor upregulation) [23].

Anatomical context of Thoracic Surgery

• Desmopressin-induced release of tissue plasminogen activator from endothelial cells may explain the absence of its hemostatic effect in patients undergoing cardiac surgery [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: During cardiac surgery with CPB, wound monocytes plus wound pTF or wound microparticle-free supernatant pTF preferentially accelerate activation of factor VII and factor X. This system represents a novel mechanism for thrombin generation via the TF coagulation pathway [25].
• The tricuspid valve was affected in all 8 patients (73%), pulmonary valve in 7 (64%), and left sided valves in 4 (36%) All patients with MCH identified by echo had cardiac surgery, 3 primarily for carcinoid valve disease and 2 for non-carcinoid cardiac disease; in 1 patient, MCH was the primary indication for cardiac surgery [26].
• Vascular endothelial growth factor release following coronary artery bypass surgery: extracorporeal circulation versus 'beating heart' surgery [27].
• A study of the effects of bolus intravenous isosorbide dinitrate during open heart surgery showed that following cardiopulmonary bypass intravenous isosorbide dinitrate produced highly significant falls in pulmonary artery pressure and induced active pulmonary vasodilatation without systemic side-effects or reduced atrial filling procedures [28].

Associations of Thoracic Surgery with chemical compounds

• METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized study, 124 patients were given either oral amiodarone (64 patients) or placebo (60 patients) for a minimum of seven days before elective cardiac surgery [29].
• Massive propranolol therapy and uncomplicated cardiac surgery [30].
• The intravenous administration of heparin to patients before open heart surgery reduced ristocetin cofactor activity by 58% (P less than 0.01, t test), and this impairment of von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet function was closely related to plasma heparin levels (r2 = 0.9), but not to plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels [31].
• Heparin-enhanced plasma phospholipase A2 activity and prostacyclin synthesis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery [32].
• A group of cardiac surgery patients were followed pre- and post-transfusions, with 48percent developing a positive serotonin release assay [33].

Gene context of Thoracic Surgery

• To determine whether genetic factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease, we performed HLA-A and HLA-B typing in 120 black patients with severe chronic rheumatic heart disease requiring cardiac surgery, and HLA-DR and HLA-DQ typing in 103 and 97 of these patients, respectively [34].
• In 20 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, we investigated elaboration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and its relationship to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and leucocyte expression of HLA-DR and adhesion molecules [35].
• CONCLUSION: Uncomplicated cardiac surgery results in a statistically significant increase in the urinary excretion of GSTA1 and GSTP1 as compared with healthy controls, indicating proximal and distal tubular damage [36].
• Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and cardiac surgery [37].
• IL-6 and MCAF may play important roles in the pathophysiology of surgical damage with CPB, and the different surgical procedures appear to affect the proinflammatory cytokine release after cardiac surgery differently [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thoracic Surgery

• CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative oral amiodarone in patients undergoing complex cardiac surgery is well tolerated and significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation and the duration and cost of hospitalization [29].
• In contrast, patients after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass demonstrated changes consistent with membrane fragmentation without secretion: a decreased platelet surface concentration of GP Ib and GP IIb with no increase of GMP-140 and TSP, and an increased plasma concentration of platelet membrane microparticles [39].
• Is epsilon-aminocaproic acid as effective as aprotinin in reducing bleeding with cardiac surgery?: a meta-analysis [14].
• Clinical trials of ADE administered during cardiac surgery are necessary to further define its beneficial effects in humans [40].
• In an effort to develop an improved regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery, 1030 patients who were to have elective cardiothoracic surgery involving a median sternotomy were selected at random to receive cefamandole or cefazolin, with or without gentamicin, in a prospective double-blind study [41].

References