Disease relevance of cis

• The basic replication unit of many plasmids and second chromosomes in the alpha-proteobacteria consists of a repABC locus that encodes the trans- and cis-acting components required for both semiautonomous replication and replicon maintenance in a cell population [1].
• In Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a cis-active 24-base-pair sequence adjacent to the right border of the T-DNA, called overdrive, stimulates tumor formation by increasing the level of T-DNA processing [2].
• Induction of nod genes in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species is dependent on the presence of plant-produced flavonoids, the NodD protein, and the cis-acting nod box promoter sequence [3].
• A high-level expression cassette has been constructed from a TOL plasmid derived from Pseudomonas putida carrying all cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements necessary for transcriptional gene activation in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene [4].

High impact information on cis

• RF2a, a b-Zip protein from rice, is known to bind to the Box II cis element near the TATA box of the promoter [5].
• A number of auxin-responsive genes have been characterized but until now minimal auxin-responsive cis-elements within these promoter regions have not been identified [6].
• In contrast, treatments with cytokinin or abscisic acid do not cause any apparent increase in promoter activity of these cis-acting elements [6].
• To identify cis-acting sequences required for the cell-type-specific and wound-inducible expression of this regulatory region, the expression pattern of chimeric genes in which 5' upstream deletions of the pmas 1' promoter direct the expression of the beta-glucuronidase coding sequence, was analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants [7].
• Tissue-specific and wound-inducible pattern of expression of the mannopine synthase promoter is determined by the interaction between positive and negative cis-regulatory elements [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of cis

• Synthesis of mannopine in plant tissues infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens is controlled by a divergent promoter (pmas2' and pmas1') that in 479 bp contains all the cis-acting elements necessary to direct tissue-specific and wound-inducible expression [8].
• Occurrence and levels of cis-and trans-zeatin ribosides in the culture medium of a virulent strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens [9].

Biological context of cis

• On transmissible plasmids, DNA transfer initiates within a cis-acting site, the origin of conjugal transfer, or oriT [10].
• While the spontaneous Trac mutant Ti plasmids were also derepressed for agrocinopine catabolism, those generated by Tn5 insertions remained inducible, indicating that this apparent cis-acting site is different from that affected in the spontaneous mutants [11].
• In this study we identified a cis-acting regulatory sequence in the 5'-noncoding region of the virE operon that is essential for this activation [12].
• The regulatory VirG protein specifically binds to a cis-acting regulatory sequence involved in transcriptional activation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes [12].
• The mannopine synthase promoter contains vectorial cis-regulatory elements that act as enhancers and silencers [13].

Associations of cis with chemical compounds

• Using chimeric promoters we demonstrate that an ocs-like element (ocs+1) directs MJ responses in an orientation-dependent manner and that sequences around the ocs+1 are important to maintain the inducible and developmental properties of this cis-regulatory element [8].
• A total of 93.4% of the bialaphos selected calli from the 2 T-DNA vector treatment exhibited GUS activity compared to 11.7% for the mixed strain treatment and 98.2% for the cis control vector treatment [14].
• Therefore, we concluded that the 5'-upstream cis-elements from -680 to -18 were enough to confer the endosperm-specific and temporal expression of rice prolamine gene [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cis

• Evidence obtained by characterizing the nature of the binding proteins and by gel mobility shift assays established that the same factor does interact with a consensus motif 5'-ATA/TATTTCN-/CTA-3' which occurs four times in the cis-acting regulatory region between -657 and -327 [16].

References