Disease relevance of Bradyrhizobium

• The nodZ gene, which is present in various soil bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azorhizobium caulinodans, and Rhizobium loti, is involved in the addition of a fucosyl residue to the reducing N-acetylglucosamine residue of lipochitin oligosaccharide (LCO) signal molecules [1].
• The product of nhlF, NhlF, shows a significant sequence similarity with those of hoxN from Alcaligenes eutrophus, hupN from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, nixA from Helicobacter pylori, and ureH from Bacillus sp., which are considered to be involved in nickel uptake into these cells [2].
• The genes for a new type of a haem-copper cytochrome oxidase were cloned from Rhodobacter capsulatus strain 37b4, using the Bradyrhizobium japonicum fixNOQP gene region as a hybridizing probe [3].
• Placement of the UAS from the Bradyrhizobium japonicum nifH gene in front of the spacer (DNA region between URS and promoter) plus promoter from fdhF renders fdhF expression activatable by the Klebsiella pneumoniae NIFA protein, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions [4].
• By expressing CcmE (CycJ) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum in E. coli we demonstrated that heme is bound covalently to this protein at a strictly conserved histidine residue [5].

High impact information on Bradyrhizobium

• Two adjacent genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, fbcF and fbcH, encode the Rieske iron sulfur protein and cytochromes b and c1, characteristic constituents of the respiratory complex III [6].
• Here we report the first structure of an AS family enzyme provided by the crystal structure of malonamidase E2 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum [7].
• These results indicate that we have purified a newly identified carbohydrate-binding protein from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, that can exquisitely distinguish galactose from its derivatives at the C-2 position [8].
• Extracts of Bradyrhizobium japonicum were fractionated on Sepharose columns covalently derivatized with lactose [8].
• In the slow-growing soybean symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain 110), a nifA-like regulatory gene was located immediately upstream of the previously mapped fixA gene [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bradyrhizobium

• Bradyrhizobium japonicum is the root nodule endosymbiont of soybean (Glycine max), mung bean (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) [10].
• Bradyrhizobium japonicum rhizobitoxine genes and putative enzyme functions: expression requires a translational frameshift [11].
• Bradyrhizobium japonicum hypB encodes a protein containing an extremely histidine-rich region (24 histidine residues within a 39-amino-acid stretch) and guanine nucleotide-binding domains [12].
• A 2-O-methylfucose moiety is present in the lipo-oligosaccharide nodulation signal of Bradyrhizobium japonicum [13].
• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from Bradyrhizobium japonicum R110d, a Gram-negative bacterium that normally infects and induces nodulation in soybean roots in vivo, inhibits intercellular communication between the soybean cells in a dose-dependent manner [14].

Biological context of Bradyrhizobium

• Several soybean genotypes have been identified which specifically exclude nodulation by members of Bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123 [15].
• Nucleotide sequence of a gene for indole-3-acetamide hydrolase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum [16].
• The Bradyrhizobium japonicum fixBCX operon: identification of fixX and of a 5' mRNA region affecting the level of the fixBCX transcript [17].
• The Bradyrhizobium japonicum fixX gene was identified and shown to be essential for symbiotic and free-living, microaerobic nitrogen fixation [17].
• The NodS amino acid sequences of ORS571, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, contain a consensus with similarity to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-utilizing methyltransferases [18].

Anatomical context of Bradyrhizobium

• Phosphatidylcholine levels in Bradyrhizobium japonicum membranes are critical for an efficient symbiosis with the soybean host plant [19].
• De novo purine biosynthesis is localized to both mitochondria and plastids isolated from Bradyrhizobium sp.-infected cells of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) nodules, but several of the pathway enzymes, including aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase (AIRS [EC 6.3.3.1], encoded by Vupur5), are encoded by single genes [20].
• Histidine 131, not histidine 43, of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum FixN protein is exposed towards the periplasm and essential for the function of the cbb3-type cytochrome oxidase [21].

Gene context of Bradyrhizobium

• The Bradyrhizobium japonicum hemA gene product delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase is not required for symbiosis of that bacterium with soybean [22].
• Bradyrhizobium japonicum glnB, a putative nitrogen-regulatory gene, is regulated by NtrC at tandem promoters [23].
• The glnII locus shares DNA homology with the glnII gene of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and encodes a 36,000-dalton monomer subunit of the heat-labile GS protein (GSII) [24].
• In Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 the three genes that encode the nitrogenase enzyme complex are separated into two transcription units, nifH and nifDK [25].
• Characterization of cytochromes c550 and c555 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum: cloning, mutagenesis, and sequencing of the c555 gene (cycC) [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bradyrhizobium

• To analyze the contribution of these 12 invariant histidines of FixN in cofactor binding and function of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum cbb3-type oxidase, they were substituted by valine or alanine by site-directed mutagenesis [27].
• Molecular cloning of a gene for indole-3-acetamide hydrolase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum [28].
• Squalene-hopene cyclase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum: cloning, expression, sequence analysis and comparison to other triterpenoid cyclases [29].
• Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of Bradyrhizobium fucosyltransferase NodZ [30].

References