Disease relevance of vif

• This strategy was demonstrated by inducing specific cleavage within a modified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vif mRNA in a cell-free system from human lymphoblastoid cells [1].
• We then determined the structure and infectivity of vif mutant HIV-1 by using MDM exclusively both for virus production and as targets for infection [2].
• The natural intravirion reverse transcriptase products were markedly reduced in vif mutant virions [3].
• The productive infection of many susceptible human cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages derived from peripheral blood, by the pathogenic lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 requires expression of the virally encoded vif (for virion infectivity factor) gene [4].
• The vif gene of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encodes a late gene product that is essential for viral infectivity in natural target cells [5].

High impact information on vif

• Moreover, purified vif mutant genomic RNA-primer tRNA complexes displayed severe defects in the initiation of reverse transcription with recombinant reverse transcriptase [3].
• The vif gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is required for efficient infection of primary T lymphocytes [2].
• In this study, we investigated in detail the role of vif in productive infection of primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) [2].
• Biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation analysis of sucrose cushion-purified vif-negative HIV-1 made in MDM revealed that the virus had reduced p24 content compared with wild-type HIV-1 [2].
• Aberrant Gag protein composition of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vif mutant produced in primary lymphocytes [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of vif

• We introduced substitutions of leucine for cysteine residues in the vif gene of a full-length HIV-1 clone to analyze their roles in viral infection [7].

Biological context of vif

• The smallest HIV-1 DNA region that conferred the complete phenotypic switch was a 284-bp NdeI-StuI fragment within the vif open reading frame [8].
• Viral DNA was detected within hours of infection by both viruses, but the accumulation of vif-negative virus DNA was impeded in terms of both extent and kinetics [9].
• Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 35-bp deletion starting at nucleotide 218 in the N1T-E vif gene [8].
• In this study, the effect of vif in the context of the HXB2 virus on virus replication in several CD4+ T-cell lines was investigated. vif was found to be required for replication in the CD4+ T-cell lines CEM and H9 as well as in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. vif was not required for replication in the SupT1, C8166, and Jurkat T-cell lines [10].
• Cotransfection of a eucaryotic vif expression plasmid with N1T-E DNA complemented the N1T-E defect; rapid/cytopathic infection similar to that in N1T-A-transfected cells was observed [8].

Anatomical context of vif

• Role of vif in replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes [10].
• These results suggest that vif can compensate for cellular factors required for production of infectious virus particles that are present in some cell lines such as SupT1, C8166, and Jurkat but are absent in others such as CEM and H9 as well as peripheral blood T lymphocytes [10].
• Here we describe 37 new complete vif genes of 18 AIDS patients from Uganda and show that vif has a high in vivo genetic variability. vif proviral DNA sequences of peripheral blood cells were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of vif

• MDM infected with MDM-derived vif-negative HIV-1 were able to transmit the virus to uninfected MDM by cocultivation, confirming the infectiousness of this virus [2].
• In addition, immunoblotting with an antiserum directed against the carboxyl terminus of gp41 revealed that gp41 was intact in cells infected with either wild-type or vif mutant HIV-1, excluding that Vif cleaves the C terminus of gp41 [7].
• The coding potential of the vif open reading frame directly derived by nested PCR from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA was conserved in all 50 individuals [12].
• Epitope mapping of this mAb using overlapping hexapeptides derived from the vif peptide revealed that the motif recognized was PLPSVT [13].
• All PRs with high viral load had a high ratio of active vif clones [14].

References