Disease relevance of GBX2

• When implanted s.c. into nude mice, the tumorigenicity of the antisense GBX2 transfectants from both human prostatic cancer cell lines was inhibited by more than 70% compared to the parental cells [1].

High impact information on GBX2

• Otx2 and Gbx2 can repress the expression of each other and contribute to the formation of the posterior border of the tectum [2].
• A threshold requirement for Gbx2 levels in hindbrain development [3].
• In contrast, Fgf8b repressed Otx2 expression, but upregulated Gbx2 and Irx2 expression in the mesencephalon [4].
• Overexpression of interleukin 6, a downstream target of the GBX2 homeobox gene, has been linked to the progression of prostate cancer [5].
• In the present studies, specific primer sets were designed for reverse transcription-PCR detection of the expression of GBX1 versus GBX2 in human prostate cancer [1].

Biological context of GBX2

• To examine the importance of GBX2 expression for prostate cancer malignancy, GBX2-overexpressing TSU-pr1 and PC3 human prostatic cancer cells were transfected with a eukaryotic expression vector containing an antisense GBX2 homeobox domain cDNA [1].
• Down-regulation of homeobox gene GBX2 expression inhibits human prostate cancer clonogenic ability and tumorigenicity [1].
• The present study shows that GBX2 was mapped to chromosome 2q37 [6].
• Enhanced GBX2 expression stimulates growth of human prostate cancer cells via transcriptional up-regulation of the interleukin 6 gene [7].
• Screening this human fetal brain cDNA library with probes specific for GBX2 led to the identification of a 2151-bp cDNA clone [8].

Anatomical context of GBX2

• When tested in vitro, the clonogenic ability of the GBX2 antisense transfectants was reduced by approximately 50% in both cell lines [1].
• The human genomic clone for GBX2 was also isolated, characterized, and mapped to 2q36(d)-q37 by somatic cell hybrid analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization [8].
• Fgf8 and Gbx2 induction concomitant with Otx2 repression is correlated with midbrain-hindbrain fate of caudal prosencephalon [9].
• Here, we have examined cell mingling at the isthmus, where Otx2-expressing midbrain cells abut Gbx2-expressing hindbrain cells [4] [10].

Associations of GBX2 with chemical compounds

• The amino-terminal end of the GBX2 protein is proline-rich, with 30 proline residues in one stretch of 120 amino acids [8].

Regulatory relationships of GBX2

• Previous work on prostate carcinoma cells has shown that IL6 expression is activated therein by the homeodomain protein GBX2, which we found to be absent in HL cells [11].

Other interactions of GBX2

• Characterization and sequence analysis of the human homeobox-containing gene GBX2 [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GBX2

• One of these PCR products was determined by sequencing to be the Gastrulation and brain specific-2 gene (GBX2) [8].
• Quantitative RT-PCR and RNA in situ analyses indicate that the presence of a neo-resistance cassette impairs normal Gbx2 splicing thus reducing wild-type Gbx2 mRNA levels to 6-10% of normal levels in all domains and stages examined [3].

References