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Gene Review:

CTX-M-15 - hypothetical protein

Escherichia coli

Baraniak, A. et al., Gangoue-Pieboji, J. et al., Eckert, C. et al., Meunier, D. et al., Kim, Y.R. et al., et al.

Woodford, Ward, Kaufmann, Turton, Fagan, James, Johnson, Pike, Warner, Cheasty, Pearson, Harry, Leach, Loughrey, Lowes, Warren, Livermore, Blomberg, Jureen, Manji, Tamim, Mwakagile, Urassa, Fataki, Msangi, Tellevik, Maselle, Langeland, Pitout, Church, Gregson, Chow, McCracken, Mulvey, Laupland, Meunier, Jouy, Lazizzera, Kobisch, Madec, Mulvey, Bryce, Boyd, Ofner-Agostini, Christianson, Simor, Paton, Gray, Wilson, Phiri, Corkill, French, Hart,

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Disease relevance of CTX-M-15

CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli emerged recently in Cameroon [1].
Emergence of CTX-M-15-producing enterobacteria in Cameroon and characterization of a blaCTX-M-15-carrying element [1].
CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum (beta)-lactamase from Nigerian Klebsiella pneumoniae [2].
This is the first report of the CTX-M-15 genotype of ESBLs on the African continent and the first observation of SHV-12 genotype in an isolate of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport [3].
CTX-M enzymes (CTX-M-3, CTX-M-10, CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15) were produced by 11 (39%) of the isolates (six E. coli, two Enterobacter cloacae, one Enterobacter aerogenes, one Proteus mirabilis and one Citrobacter freundii) [4].

High impact information on CTX-M-15

CTX-M-positive isolates were significantly more resistant to the fluoroquinolones than CTX-M-negative isolates, while CTX-M-15 producers were more likely to be resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin [5].
CTX-M-15 was encoded by two different multiresistance plasmids, of which one carried an ISEcp1-bla(CTX-M-15) element flanked by a 5-bp target site duplication and inserted within a Tn2-derived sequence [1].
Complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid harboring the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase involved in an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada [6].
Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital [7].
CTX-M-15, OXA-30 and TEM-1-producing Escherichia coli in two Portuguese regions [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of CTX-M-15

The CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was recently identified in Enterobacteriaceae isolates in India, and demonstrated significant hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime, in contrast to the majority of CTX-M enzymes [9].
Three cefotaxime- and ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates, recovered during 1998-2000 in two Polish hospitals, were found to produce CTX-M-15 [9].

Biological context of CTX-M-15

Because of the public health implications, including for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections, the spread of these strains--and CTX-M-15 beta-lactamase in particular--merits close monitoring [10].
Clinical Escherichia coli strains with resistance or variable susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins were detected in cattle, swine and poultry in France. These strains were shown to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), with CTX-M-1- and CTX-M-15-type beta-lactamases being responsible for this phenotype [11].
Genotypes SHV-11 (n = 1), SHV-12 (n = 3), SHV-27 (n = 1), TEM-63 (n = 2) and CTX-M-15 (n = 1) were detected [12].
Two CTX-M-type genes were sequenced and had amino acid sequences indistinguishable from previously sequenced CTX-M-15 beta-lactamases [2].
Kinetic parameters were determined from purified CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-3, which differ by the single amino acid substitution Asp-240 to Gly, according to the Ambler numbering of class A beta-lactamases [13].

Associations of CTX-M-15 with chemical compounds

CTX-M-15 differed from CTX-M-3 by an asparagine to glycine substitution in position ABL238 [14].
Ceftazidime-hydrolysing CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Poland [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CTX-M-15

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis highlighted a clonal propagation of CTX-M-15-producing strains belonging to phylogenetic group B2, notably in the community [15].
Isoelectric focusing, PCR analysis,and sequencing demonstrated that this E. coli harbored CTX-M-15 and OXA-30 beta-lactamases that were transferred by conjugation [16].
Nosocomial transmission of CTX-M-15 and OXA-30 beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a neurosurgical intensive care unit [16].
PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of TEM-11 (n = 1), TEM-12 (n = 1), TEM-29 (n = 1), TEM-52 (n = 4), CTX-M-13 (n = 1), CTX-M-14 (n = 15), CTX-M-15 (n = 11), SHV-2 (n = 2), SHV-2a (n = 12), SHV-5 (n = 6), SHV-12 (n = 45), and SHV-30 (n = 2) [17].
Five isolates had the same plasmid DNA fingerprint, suggesting clonal dissemination of CTX-M-15-producing strains in the Paris area [18].

References

Emergence of CTX-M-15-producing enterobacteria in Cameroon and characterization of a blaCTX-M-15-carrying element. Gangoue-Pieboji, J., Miriagou, V., Vourli, S., Tzelepi, E., Ngassam, P., Tzouvelekis, L.S. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2005) [Pubmed]
CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum (beta)-lactamase from Nigerian Klebsiella pneumoniae. Soge, O.O., Queenan, A.M., Ojo, K.K., Adeniyi, B.A., Roberts, M.C. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
High rate of fatal cases of pediatric septicemia caused by gram-negative bacteria with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Blomberg, B., Jureen, R., Manji, K.P., Tamim, B.S., Mwakagile, D.S., Urassa, W.K., Fataki, M., Msangi, V., Tellevik, M.G., Maselle, S.Y., Langeland, N. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Spread of novel expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital in the Paris area, France. Lartigue, M.F., Fortineau, N., Nordmann, P. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. (2005) [Pubmed]
Molecular Epidemiology of CTX-M-Producing Escherichia coli in the Calgary Health Region: Emergence of CTX-M-15-Producing Isolates. Pitout, J.D., Church, D.L., Gregson, D.B., Chow, B.L., McCracken, M., Mulvey, M.R., Laupland, K.B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2007) [Pubmed]
Complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid harboring the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase involved in an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada. Boyd, D.A., Tyler, S., Christianson, S., McGeer, A., Muller, M.P., Willey, B.M., Bryce, E., Gardam, M., Nordmann, P., Mulvey, M.R. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]
Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital. Leflon-Guibout, V., Jurand, C., Bonacorsi, S., Espinasse, F., Guelfi, M.C., Duportail, F., Heym, B., Bingen, E., Nicolas-Chanoine, M.H. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]
CTX-M-15, OXA-30 and TEM-1-producing Escherichia coli in two Portuguese regions. Mendonça, N., Louro, D., Castro, A.P., Diogo, J., Caniça, M. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
Ceftazidime-hydrolysing CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in Poland. Baraniak, A., Fiett, J., Hryniewicz, W., Nordmann, P., Gniadkowski, M. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2002) [Pubmed]
Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the UK. Woodford, N., Ward, M.E., Kaufmann, M.E., Turton, J., Fagan, E.J., James, D., Johnson, A.P., Pike, R., Warner, M., Cheasty, T., Pearson, A., Harry, S., Leach, J.B., Loughrey, A., Lowes, J.A., Warren, R.E., Livermore, D.M. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]
CTX-M-1- and CTX-M-15-type beta-lactamases in clinical Escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing animals in France. Meunier, D., Jouy, E., Lazizzera, C., Kobisch, M., Madec, J.Y. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (2006) [Pubmed]
Identification and characterization of ceftriaxone resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Malawian bacteraemic Enterobacteriaceae. Gray, K.J., Wilson, L.K., Phiri, A., Corkill, J.E., French, N., Hart, C.A. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2006) [Pubmed]
Biochemical analysis of the ceftazidime-hydrolysing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15 and of its structurally related beta-lactamase CTX-M-3. Poirel, L., Gniadkowski, M., Nordmann, P. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2002) [Pubmed]
Plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-3 like) from India and gene association with insertion sequence ISEcp1. Karim, A., Poirel, L., Nagarajan, S., Nordmann, P. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2001) [Pubmed]
CTX-M {beta}-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in French Hospitals: Prevalence, Molecular Epidemiology, and Risk Factors. Lavigne, J.P., Marchandin, H., Delmas, J., Moreau, J., Bouziges, N., Lecaillon, E., Cavalie, L., Jean-Pierre, H., Bonnet, R., Sotto, A. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2007) [Pubmed]
Nosocomial transmission of CTX-M-15 and OXA-30 beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a neurosurgical intensive care unit. Kim, Y.R., Kim, S.I., Lee, J.Y., Park, Y.J., Lee, K.Y., Kang, M.W. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. (2005) [Pubmed]
Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Canadian hospitals. Mulvey, M.R., Bryce, E., Boyd, D., Ofner-Agostini, M., Christianson, S., Simor, A.E., Paton, S. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]
Dissemination of CTX-M-type beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Paris, France. Eckert, C., Gautier, V., Saladin-Allard, M., Hidri, N., Verdet, C., Ould-Hocine, Z., Barnaud, G., Delisle, F., Rossier, A., Lambert, T., Philippon, A., Arlet, G. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) [Pubmed]

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