Disease relevance of Proteus

• The possibility that the mechanism of antagonism was induction of inactivating enzymes (beta-lactamase, penicillin acylase) was studied in two strains(one Escherichia coli and one Proteus rettgeri), and two antagonists were studied in detail [1].
• Resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin during the period of amikacin use showed a statistically significant decrease (p greater than 0.001) due to decreased resistance to gentamicin of Providencia, Serratia, indole-positive Proteus, and decreased resistance to tobramycin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa [2].
• WabN homologues are found in Serratia marcescens and some Proteus strains that show the same disaccharide alphaGlcN-(1,4)-alphaGalA attached by an alpha1,3 linkage to ld-HeppII [3].
• Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Proteus species, and enterococci infrequently cause uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis.The pathogens traditionally associated with UTI are changing many of their features, particularly because of antimicrobial resistance [4].
• In contrast, significant decreases in gentamicin and tobramycin resistance rates for Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in gentamicin resistance of Proteus were found [5].

High impact information on Proteus

• Endocytotic sucrose uptake in Amoeba proteus induced with the calcium ionophore A23187 [6].
• PTEN mutations and proteus syndrome [7].
• These organisms reacted with Proteus OX-19 antisera, and their size and form were consistent with rickettsia [8].
• Antibodies to proteus in rheumatoid arthritis [9].
• A continuous 178 codon open reading frame (ORF) in sugE encloses another, in-frame, 105 codon ORF similar to a predicted ORF in Proteus vulgaris [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Proteus

• One component of a factor in Proteus mirabilis (Factor 1) which specifically amplifies the induction of several liver enzymes by glucocorticoid in target cells also increases the growth inhibition of glucocorticoid on the ascitic form of L1210 cells and solid tumors of L5178Y lymphoblasts in vivo [11].
• The structure of the colony migration factor from pathogenic Proteus mirabilis. A capsular polysaccharide that facilitates swarming [12].
• Purification and properties of the alpha2beta2 complex of tryptophan synthetase of Proteus mirabilis [13].
• Patterns of mutations and selection in antibodies to the phosphocholine-specific determinant in Proteus morganii [14].
• Isolation and characterization of crystalline methylglyoxal synthetase from Proteus vulgaris [15].

Biological context of Proteus

• The calcium ionophore A23187 brings about an influx of calcium and uptake of sucrose by endocytosis in Amoeba proteus [6].
• Germline mutations of PTEN have been shown to cause Cowden syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome and Proteus syndrome [16].
• Regulatory studies performed in P. vulgaris, and with a plasmid carrying the P. vulgaris tna operon in E. coli, established that expression of the Proteus operon was induced by tryptophan and was subject to catabolite repression [17].
• The deduced amino acid sequence was 54% identical with that of Proteus mirabilis GST [18].
• The contribution of somatic mutation to the generation of an antibody response was investigated by using the phosphocholine (PC) determinant in the bacterium Proteus morganii as the model Ag [14].

Anatomical context of Proteus

• A spectrin-like protein present on membranes of Amoeba proteus as studied with monoclonal antibodies [19].
• Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) calculi are a common complication of Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infections [20].
• Our previous studies have shown that a major protein isolated from purified cell walls of Proteus mirabilis (39-kDa protein) is a strong modulator of the specific immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from this bacterium [21].
• Antibody-producing cell responses to an isolated outer membrane protein and to complexes of this antigen with lipopolysaccharide or with vesicles of phospholipids from Proteus mirabilis [22].
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole concentrations within cysts were determined and cyst fluid inhibitory and bactericidal titers were assessed in vitro against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus fecalis [23].

Gene context of Proteus

• Cloned into Escherichia coli the recB, recC and recD genes of Proteus mirabilis produce a recBCD enzyme (exoV) functional in recombination and DNA repair [24].
• FK482 was not hydrolyzed by the TEM-1 and TEM-2 beta-lactamases but was hydrolyzed by TEM-3 and the Proteus vulgaris enzyme [25].
• A hexamer sequence of proteus haemolysin spanning residues 32-37 (ESRRAL) has been identified which resembles biochemically, and discriminates by charge, between HLA types associated with RA (DR1, Dw4, Dw14, Dw15), and those not linked with the disease (Dw10, Dw13) [26].
• To characterize the PldA protein further, the pldA genes of Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus vulgaris were cloned and sequenced [27].
• The data suggest that IGF production is generally disturbed in Proteus syndrome with imbalanced levels of specific IGFBP in affected tissue [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Proteus

• Immunohistochemistry was done with Proteus OX-19 rabbit antisera as the primary antibody [8].
• In an ELISA, convalescent-phase sera from 10 patients with Japanese spotted fever reacted with LPS from the Katayama strain, and 90% (9 of 10) of these sera also reacted with LPS isolated from Proteus vulgaris OX2 [29].
• A Proteus mirabilis strain, isolated in South Africa, carried a 79kb transferable plasmid (pUK672) which encoded high-level resistance to trimethoprim (minimum inhibitory concentration greater than 2048 mg/l) [30].
• Inoculation with Proteus mirabilis caused a faster and more pronounced alkalinization as well as crystallization of struvite and apatite [31].
• A monoclonal antibody (PmPG5-3) specific for the O-acetylated peptidoglycan of Proteus mirabilis 19 was produced by an NS-1 myeloma cell line and purified from ascites fluid by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography [32].

References