Disease relevance of Citrobacter

• Among the 23 isolates tested, three of Bacteroides fragilis thetaiotaomicron and one Citrobacter sp. were indole positive [1].
• The lymphotoxin-beta receptor is critical for control of murine Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis [2].
• Inhibitors of endosome acidification had no significant impact on intracellular survival of Campylobacter jejuni or Citrobacter freundii, but monensin markedly reduced Citrobacter uptake [3].
• The occurrence of C1qBP is not limited to certain E. coli strains, but is also found on Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [4].
• The binding of substrates and inhibitors to wild-type Proteus vulgaris tryptophan indole-lyase and to wild type and Y71F Citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase was investigated in the crystalline state by polarized absorption microspectrophotometry [5].

High impact information on Citrobacter

• Uranium bioaccumulation by a Citrobacter sp. as a result of enzymically mediated growth of polycrystalline HUO2PO4 [6].
• In infected lymphotoxin-beta receptor -/- mice, anti- Citrobacter rodentium immunoglobulin G2a levels were decreased, whereas immunoglobulin G1 levels were increased [2].
• Studies of changes in predominant aerobic fecal flora among the 11 subjects treated with bicozamycin showed the appearance of only one highly resistant Citrobacter freundii at the end of 1 wk of therapy and only a total of six resistant isolates at the end of 3 wk [7].
• A Citrobacter sp. accumulates uranyl ion (UO2(2+)) as crystalline HUO2PO4.4H2O (HUP), using enzymatically generated inorganic phosphate [8].
• Regulatory components in Citrobacter freundii ampC beta-lactamase induction [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Citrobacter

• To determine whether neoplasia is responsive to a proliferative stimulus, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride-treated mice were inoculated with Citrobacter freundii [10].
• Purified group B streptococcal type III capsular polysaccharide was depolymerized by enzymatic digestion using endo-beta-galactosidase produced by Citrobacter freundii [11].
• Unlike wild-type (WT) forms, such as the E. cloacae P99 and Citrobacter freundii enzymes, the ES GC1 beta-lactamase is able to rapidly hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime [12].
• Here we report the 2.5-A crystal structure of the homodimeric Citrobacter freundii dihydroxyacetone kinase complex with an ATP analogue and dihydroxyacetone [13].
• A three-dimensional model for SHV beta-lactamase complexes was constructed using the crystallographic structure of the homologous Bacillus licheniformis beta-lactamase, the complex of cefotaxime with the Streptomyces sp. R61 D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidase, and the complex of aztreonam with the Citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase [14].

Biological context of Citrobacter

• Nucleotide sequence for the htpR gene from Citrobacter freundii [15].
• Citrobacter Tir and EPEC Tir are functionally interchangeable and both require tyrosine phosphorylation to mediate actin rearrangements [16].
• The interactions of E1040 with cephalosporinase from Citrobacter freundii, including affinity and hydrolysis, were studied in comparison with those of cefotaxime and ceftazidime [17].
• Its deduced amino acid sequence shared more than 60% identity with the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases from Citrobacter koseri (formerly C. diversus) (84%), Klebsiella oxytoca (74%), Serratia fonticola (67%), and Proteus vulgaris (63%) and 71% identity with the plasmid-mediated enzyme MEN-1 [18].
• Participation of quinone and cytochrome b in tetrathionate reductase respiratory chain of Citrobacter freundii [19].

Anatomical context of Citrobacter

• EspG is a conserved protein encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) of attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium [20].
• Monoclonal mouse antibodies specific for the 0 antigen of Citrobacter 036, a homopolymer of beta (1----2)-linked 4-deoxy-D-arabinohexose, were generated by the hybridoma technique [21].
• The adherence of 12 oral isolates and 4 type strains of Enterobacteriaceae (equally representing Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii) to HeLa cell monolayers following five different incubation conditions (sucrose, D-mannose, serum, MEM and Candida albicans GDH 1957) was investigated [22].

Gene context of Citrobacter

• Impaired resistance and enhanced pathology during infection with a noninvasive, attaching-effacing enteric bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, in mice lacking IL-12 or IFN-gamma [23].
• Neither the class C Citrobacter freundii CMY-2 AmpC beta-lactamase nor the class A TEM-1 beta-lactamase confer resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotic cefepime, nor do any of the naturally occurring alleles descended from them [24].
• Typing by ERIC2-PCR indicated that the cefoxitin-resistant (FOXr) isolates were distinct. beta-Lactamase studies and hybridization experiments showed that most strains produced beta-lactamases related to the AmpC chromosomal cephalosporinase of Citrobacter freundii [25].
• Inactivation of the ampD gene causes semiconstitutive overproduction of the inducible Citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase [26].
• Analysis of beta-lactamase content by isoelectric focusing, PCR assays specific for various bla genes, and DNA sequencing showed that the strain produced TEM-1, a Citrobacter freundii AmpC-related cephalosporinase, and CTX-M-3 [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Citrobacter

• Cefepime minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values for Enterobacteriaceae were < or = 0.5 microg/mL, except for two species, Citrobacter freundii and Providencia stuartii, with MIC90 values of 2 and 1, respectively [28].
• Site-directed mutagenesis of tyrosine-71 to phenylalanine in Citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase: evidence for dual roles of tyrosine-71 as a general acid catalyst in the reaction mechanism and in cofactor binding [29].
• Positive PCR results were observed with eae-positive reference strains of E. coli and Citrobacter rodentium (Citrobacter freundii biotype 4280) [30].
• The use of various identification methods, including ampC sequence analysis, revealed that these I113-like ampC-positive isolates represent Citrobacter murliniae and Citrobacter youngae [31].
• Core region of Citrobacter O23 lipopolysaccharide. Structure elucidation by chemical methods, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz [32].

References