Disease relevance of TOR2A

• Salusins are translated from an alternatively spliced mRNA of TOR2A, a gene encoding a protein of the torsion dystonia family [1].
• Ossicular chain reconstruction: the TORP and PORP in chronic ear disease [2].
• The two TORP prostheses showed extensive invasion of their porous spaces with foreign body giant cells [3].

High impact information on TOR2A

• Main outcome measures were mean postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), proportion achieving ABG closure to <20 dB and <30 dB for group 1 and group 2 overall and when controlling for type of mastoid cavity created (open or closed) and the status of the stapes suprastructure (TORP vs. PORP OCR) [4].
• NIHs are good prostheses when the stapes is intact, but they are inferior to the TORP when placed on the footplate [5].
• A comparison of PORP, TORP, and incus homograft for ossicular reconstruction in chronic ear surgery [5].
• Use of autograft and homograft TORP and PORP in the reconstruction of the conductive system in the middle ear [6].
• Reconstruction of hearing when malleus is absent: TORP vs. homograft TMMI [7].

Biological context of TOR2A

• "How I do it" - otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. An alternative way of using TORP and PORP [8].
• Inner ear damage in TORP-operated ears: experimental study on danger from environmental air pressure changes [9].

Anatomical context of TOR2A

• Primary causes of failure of the TORP were instability with migration off the stapes footplate, protrusion or extrusion through the TM and finally, long-term softening and bending secondary to biodegradation of the Plastipore [7].
• Middle ear reconstruction using cartilage and TORP and PORP [10].
• Forty-six patients were reconstructed with a homograft TMMI and 38 with cartilage covered TORP and underlay fascia technique; 4.5 years postoperatively, 84% of those patients reconstructed with a homograft TMMI maintained an average A/B gap of 25 dB or better [7].
• Prosthesis extrusion, the cause of failure in less than 5% of 446 TORP and PORP operations, usually was the result of a mucous membrane or eustachian tube problem [11].

Associations of TOR2A with chemical compounds

• Between September 1998 and October 2000, 23 titanium middle ear implants (23 TORP) were used for reconstruction of the ossicular chain after tympanomastoidectomy [12].
• For each of four implant designs (incus, incus-stapes, PORP, and TORP), the head is constructed from hydroxylapatite and the shaft from Plasti-Pore [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TOR2A

• Success for TORP reconstruction was assessed as air-bone gap closure to within 30 dB and for PORP, to within 20 dB [2].
• Hearing results with total and partial Plastipore ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP and PORP) were evaluated in open- and closed-cavity operations [14].
• Closure of the air-bone gap at this frequency to within 10 dB was achieved in 87% of type I tympanoplasties, 73% of type III (PORP), and 70% of type III (TORP) tympanoplasties [15].
• A similar group of 38 patients presenting with absent malleus, incus, and stapes were reconstructed with isograft temporalis fascia and a cartilage covered TORP [16].

References