Disease relevance of Fascia

• OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression pattern of certain metalloproteinases (MMPs) known to be involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix in cultured fibroblasts from the transversalis fascia (TF) of patients with inguinal hernia [1].
• Tight junctions (TJ) of the fascia occludens type can be induced in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines HT29 and Caco-2 by treatment with 320 mM cesium sulfate [2].
• Following transient global ischemia most of the neurons containing somatostatin in the fascia dentata of the dorsal hippocampal formation die, while somatostatinergic neurons in the CA1 region survive [3].
• Hippocampal AMPA and NMDA mRNA levels correlate with aberrant fascia dentata mossy fiber sprouting in the pilocarpine model of spontaneous limbic epilepsy [4].
• In this report, we present the clinical, morphologic, and enzyme histochemical findings in muscle, skin, and fascia biopsies from 14 cases fulfilling the Center for Disease Control diagnostic criteria for L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome [5].

Psychiatry related information on Fascia

• Examination of 19 brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease showed approximately the same number of plaques in the stratum moleculare of the fascia dentata and in CA1 (Sommer's sector) of the hippocampus, even though the area of the latter is much greater [6].

High impact information on Fascia

• However, at the fascia adherens junctional sites of cardiac muscle where vinculin is sharply confined, Sgp 130 was immunologically undetectable in both intact and EGTA-uncoupled tissue [7].
• Near the intercalated disks, desmin labeling was intense within the interfibrillar spaces, but was completely segregated from the microfilament attachment sites (fascia adherens) where vinculin and alpha-actinin were localized [8].
• Fixation and immunolabeling procedures were developed that permitted maximal retention of the two proteins at their natural sites as well as their adequate labeling. alpha-Actinin was found both on the Z-bands, as expected, and near the fascia adherens of the intercalated discs, whereas vinculin was confined to the latter sites [9].
• Expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) and the fascia adherens junction protein N-cadherin was measured immunohistochemically in the same preparations [10].
• At normal [K+], aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities were colocalized in nerve terminals forming asymmetrical synapses on spines in stratum radiatum of CA1 and the inner molecular layer of fascia dentata (i.e., excitatory afferents from CA3 and hilus, respectively) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fascia

• Nerve fiber injury and endoneurial edema were induced by the injection of the local anesthetic 2-chloroprocaine, tetracaine, procaine, etidocaine or mepivacaine into the soft tissue and fascia surrounding the sciatic nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats [12].
• CONCLUSION: Solvent dehydrated fascia lata as a barrier does not decrease recurrent prolapse after anterior colporrhaphy [13].
• We treated a case of subcutaneous sclerosis after phytonadione injections (Texier's disease) that was noteworthy for two associated features: sclerosis with inflammatory infiltrate in the fascia, and blood eosinophilia [14].
• The inhibitory effects of vincristine (VCR) with or without verapamil (VER) on angiogenesis in mouse subcutaneous fascia induced by mouse sarcoma 180 cells were assessed using the dorsal air sac method [15].
• The large gluteal muscle mass confined by the fascia lata of the thigh and tensor fascia lata can, under the right conditions, produce muscle necrosis, acidosis, elevations of creatinine phosphokinase, and ultimately renal failure [16].

Biological context of Fascia

• The extent of LTP "saturation" in fascia dentata produced by the standard chronic LTP stimulation protocol was assessed both electrophysiologically and through the use of an anatomical marker (activation of the immediate-early gene zif268) [17].
• RESULTS: Compared with autopsy cases, hippocampi from children with frequent seizures showed (a) decreased fascia dentata granule cell densities; (b) decreased PSA NCAM IR cell densities in the stratum granulosum, infragranular, and hilar regions; (c) no positive TUNEL-stained cells; and (d) aberrant supragranular mossy fiber axon connections [18].
• These results suggest that kindling epileptogenesis is accompanied by an increased number and enhanced sensitivity of the expressed AMPA type glutamate receptors in the fascia dentata, leading to an enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission which may contribute to the process of kindling epileptogenesis [19].
• Post-translational modifications included a very elevated hydroxylysine content, an increase in the total number of reducible cross-links, and the appearance of hydroxylysinohydroxynorleucine (virtually absent from normal palmar fascia) as the major reducible cross-link [20].
• We have analysed the ultrastructure of the fascia surrounding the hernial lesions, the proline and lysine hydroxylation in the tissue, the type I-type III collagen ratio and the presence of metalloproteinases [21].

Anatomical context of Fascia

• Congo red staining with microscopic examination under polarized light was performed in 30 porcine bioprosthetic cardiac valves and one autologous fascia lata valve explanted from 31 patients in order to detect the presence of amyloid [22].
• Somatostatin- and neuropeptide Y-synthesizing neurones in the fascia dentata of humans with temporal lobe epilepsy [23].
• One-stage reconstruction of large midline abdominal wall defects using a composite free anterolateral thigh flap with vascularized fascia lata [24].
• Lastly, Western analysis of three patient-matched (disease and normal fascia) primary cell cultures showed significantly elevated levels of beta-catenin in disease cells cultured in three-dimensional collagen lattices [25].
• RESULTS: Compared with autopsies, non-HS cases with similar neuron counts showed: 1) increased GAD IR gray values (GV) in the fascia dentata outer molecular layer (OML), hilus, and stratum radiatum; 2) increased GAT-1 OML GVs; 3) increased astrocytic GAT-3 GVs in the hilus and Ammon's horn; and 4) no IR differences for EAAT3-1 [26].

Associations of Fascia with chemical compounds

• Within fascia dentata, GABA receptor binding was increased to an equivalent extent in stratum granulosum and throughout stratum moleculare; no increase was found in dentate hilus or stratum lacunosummoleculare or stratum radiatum of CA1 [27].
• Somatostatin/GABA-immunoreactive neurons were localized mainly in the stratum oriens and in the hilus of the fascia dentata [28].
• Unexpectedly, GABA receptor-mediated enhancement of benzodiazepine receptor binding was slightly attenuated in fascia dentata of kindled compared to control rats [27].
• Like in vivo, entorhinal fibers, labeled by anterograde tracing with biocytin, terminate in the outer molecular layer of the fascia dentata [29].
• Two glycoproteins corresponding to minor polypeptides visualized by Coomassie Blue staining were present in the fascia adherentes fraction [30].

Gene context of Fascia

• Reactive synaptogenesis and neuron densities for neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, and glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the epileptogenic human fascia dentata [31].
• Neurturin, persephin, and artemin in the human pre- and full-term newborn and adult hippocampus and fascia dentata [32].
• The matrix of normal fascia mainly contains decorin [small dermatan sulfate (DS) PG] with biglycan (another small DSPG) and large chondroitin sulfate(CS)/DSPG representing minor components [33].
• Levator ani fascia showed nuclear ER, PR, and AR expression to varying degrees [34].
• Estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptor expression in levator ani muscle and fascia [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fascia

• Immunohistochemistry analysis showed high levels of beta-catenin expression within the disease fascia, as well as cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulations of the protein [25].
• VAFC employs suction applied to a large polyurethane sponge under an occlusive dressing in the wound and allows for constant medial traction of the abdominal fascia [35].
• Although no somatic mutations (exon 3) of beta-catenin were detected, Western blot analysis revealed high levels of beta-catenin in diseased palmar fascia, and low to undetectable levels of beta-catenin in patient-matched normal palmar fascia [25].
• The electric responses of fascia dentata and CA3 zone of the hippocampus of urethan-anesthetized rats were recorded with extracellular microelectrodes [36].
• By using the combined Golgi/electron microscopy (EM) technique and postembedding immunocytochemistry for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), we describe a novel type of local circuit neuron in the rat fascia dentata that gives rise to an axon profusely ramifying in the dentate molecular layer [37].

References