Disease relevance of Eustachian Tube

• These results suggest a differential sensitivity of nonatopic and atopic individuals to histamine, which may be an important pathogenetic mechanism leading to the development of eustachian tube dysfunction and possible subsequent development of otitis media with effusion in the atopic group [1].
• Serous otitis media was produced by eustachian tube obstruction using silastic sponge or Coeflex cement, but the Coeflex caused an undesirable local inflammatory response [2].
• A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effect of chlorpheniramine on the response of the nasal airway, middle ear and eustachian tube to provocative rhinovirus challenge [3].
• The changes in the cell surface carbohydrates of the eustachian tube (ET) and middle ear subsequent to the intranasal (i.n.) inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) type 6A were studied in the chinchilla model of otitis media (OM) using a lectin histochemical technique with six different lectins (SNA, WGA, Succ WGA, BSL II, PNA, ECL) [4].
• Nerve block was achieved by injection of 1 to 2 ml of 2% mepivicaine hydrochloride between the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves, as they coursed through the medial compartment of the diverticulum of the auditory tube (guttural pouch), using videoendoscopic guidance and an injection apparatus [5].

High impact information on Eustachian Tube

• Otitis media and eustachian tube dysfunction: connection to allergic rhinitis [6].
• We could demonstrate that the ear click occurred during contraction of the tensor veli palatini, which opens the eustachian tube [7].
• Investigations are currently under way to assess the effect of antihistamine pretreatment on nasal and eustachian tube obstruction in patients undergoing intranasal histamine challenge [8].
• Expression and localization of lung surfactant protein B in Eustachian tube epithelium [9].
• Surfactant protein A and D expression in the porcine Eustachian tube [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Eustachian Tube

• To investigate the possible relationship between allergy and otitis media with effusion (OME), we investigated the hypothesis that allergen presentation to the middle ear causes functional disruption of the eustachian tube predisposing to the development of OME [11].
• The phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio is significantly less in Eustachian tube mucus from children with secretory otitis media compared with otologically healthy children, which indicates a different secretory pattern of the cells in the Eustachian tube of these children [12].
• Surfactant and isoprenaline effect on eustachian tube opening in rats with acute otitis media [13].
• Two studies are described: In one, children with otitis media with effusion took terbutaline or placebo twice a day for two weeks and no significant differences were found between the effects of the two treatments; in the other study, it was shown that surfactant markedly facilitated the opening of the Eustachian tube [14].
• In 1974 (6), 6 patients with incapacitating unilateral Meniere's disease were given an empiric treatment with intratympanic gentamicin sulfate via the eustachian tube using a catheter with a small side-branch [15].

Biological context of Eustachian Tube

• This study assessed changes in nasal airway resistance and nasal airway power as well as eustachian tube function after histamine nasal provocation in 12 atopic subjects and 10 nonatopic subjects [1].
• To induce a natural infection (i.e., ascending through the eustachian tube), the mucociliary clearance of the eustachian tube was impaired by infusing histamine into the tympanic cavity on 2 consecutive days before intranasal inoculation of the bacteria [16].
• However, there is a moderate decrease in eustachian tube function with increasing estrogen levels in some women, manifested mainly at levels beyond that of the normal menstrual cycle [17].
• The purpose of this study was to characterize mucin gene expression in middle ears and Eustachian tubes with pneumococcal ear infection [18].

Anatomical context of Eustachian Tube

• The only active muscle that opens the eustachian tube is the tensor veli palatini, which promotes ventilation of the middle ear [19].
• Histamine, mainly free in solution, has also been shown to be present in nasopharyngeal secretions taken from close to the Eustachian tube openings into the nasopharynx [20].
• In the nasal mucosa and in the wall of the Eustachian tube NPY fibres were numerous around arteries and arterioles but sparse in the vicinity of veins; single fibres were found close to the acini of seromucous glands [21].
• Wegener granulomatosis of the eustachian tube and skull base mimicking a malignant tumor [22].
• Additional sections were stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff for comparison of goblet cell densities from middle ears and auditory tubes of patients with CF with those of control temporal bones [23].

Associations of Eustachian Tube with chemical compounds

• Induction of eustachian tube dysfunction with histamine nasal provocation [1].
• The development of nasal and eustachian tube obstruction in allergic rhinitis patients has been prevented by pretreatment with an antihistamine plus decongestant before intranasal challenge with pollen allergen [8].
• High-performance liquid chromatography post-column derivatization with fluorescence detection to study the influence of ambroxol on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine levels in rabbit eustachian tube washings [24].
• Our data indicate an alteration of the normal lectin labeling pattern and exposure of GlcNAc restricted mainly to the roof and neck portion, along the course of the eustachian tube [4].
• By removing the middle ear and Eustachian tube 24 h after BrdU injection, the contribution of immigrated newly formed cells was estimated [25].

Gene context of Eustachian Tube

• This study was undertaken to establish patterns of laminin and E-cadherin in the embryonic mouse eustachian tube and middle ear by use of immunohistochemistry at a stage when epithelial differentiation is taking place [26].
• In the Eustachian tube, the Muc2, Muc4 and Muc5 mucin genes were expressed in both control and pneumococcal inoculation groups [18].
• The role of soluble interleukin-4 receptor and interleukin-5 antibody in preventing late-phase allergy-induced eustachian tube dysfunction [27].
• Continuous ICAM-1 expression might be related to stenosis of the eustachian tube [28].
• A prospective tympanometric and microbiologic study of 28 pre-schoolchildren was undertaken to better define the effect of acute URI on induction of eustachian tube dysfunction [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Eustachian Tube

• A new technique of endoscopy of the Eustachian tube has been developed using a flexible fiberscope provided with an instrument channel for insufflation of air to expand the tubal lumen [30].
• CONCLUSION: Recurrence of bilateral OME after tympanostomy tube placement is more likely in children with a combination of low IgA or low IgG2 levels with poor eustachian tube function and decreased levels of mannose-binding lectin [31].
• This clinical study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of Eustachian tube function in 30 ears, 11-29 months after insertion of the Silastic Eustachian tube prosthesis (SETP) [32].
• Study of the auditory tube by ventilation scintigraphy with technetium-99m [33].
• For the treatment of abnormally patent Eustachian tube, we had previously employed repeated tubal insufflation of salicylic acid-boric powder (1:4) through a Eustachian tube catheter [34].

References