Disease relevance of GML

• Introduction of GML cDNA suppressed the growth of esophageal cancer cells in culture [1].
• PURPOSE: To determine the impact of translocation t(11;18) on response to oral alkylating agents in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (GML) [2].
• p53-regulated GML gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer. a promising relationship to cisplatin chemosensitivity [3].
• To clarify the effect of GML expression on the sensitivity of cancer cells to ionizing radiation treatment, we established cell lines derived from p53-mutant human osteosarcoma HOS and esophageal carcinoma TE10 lines in which GML expression can be induced using the tetracycline-regulable system [4].
• Induction of apoptosis in T98G glioblastoma cells by transfection of GML, a p53 target gene [5].

High impact information on GML

• As the predicted amino acid sequence showed a high degree of homology to the family of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins, we termed this gene GML (GPI-anchored molecule-like protein) [1].
• For Ly-6H, GML and G6C, no or very low expression was observed in keratinocytes and HNSCC [6].
• GML gene expression was detected in 9 (30%) samples [3].
• The GML gene (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule-like protein gene) is a novel gene specifically induced by wild-type p53, which may participate in cell cycle control or the cell apoptotic pathway [3].
• HemT-3 cDNA has a major open reading frame related to a human glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, GML [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of GML

• CONCLUSION: GML expression and p53 mutation in colorectal cancer may be useful predictive genetic markers for sensitivity to MMC and 5-FU, respectively [8].

Biological context of GML

• A correlation between the presence of GML expression and the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs implied that the gene product plays a significant role in the apoptotic pathway or cell-cycle regulation induced by p53 after DNA damage [1].
• FISH analysis revealed that the GML gene is located on human chromosome 8q24 [9].
• The GML gene consists of four exons; and the p53-binding sequence is present in the 5'-flanking region [9].
• To characterize the GML gene further, we determined 35.8 kb of DNA sequence that included a consensus binding sequence for p53 and the entire GML gene [9].
• Further investigation demonstrated that GML expression enhances G2/M arrest and apoptosis induced by gamma-irradiation [4].

Anatomical context of GML

• We analyzed a randomly selected series of 130 gastric biopsies with histologically described lymphoid follicle formation and investigated these for the prevalence of B-cell clonality using different PCR-based methods to discuss its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of GML [10].
• B-cell clonality, assessed by PCR for amplification of the VDJ region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH), is used to support the diagnosis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (GML) [10].
• The introduction of GML cDNA to RPMI4788 (RPMI4788-GML) showed that the sensitivity of RPMI4788-GML to MMC was enhanced almost to the level of HCT116 cells [8].
• In the woman the mammary gland was investigated in the little girl (GMF), in the adult nonpregnant woman (GMA), during the first trimester of pregnancy (GMG), during lactation (GML), during climacterium (GMM), in glandular carcinomas of the adult female (GMAC) and during menopause (GMMC) [11].

Associations of GML with chemical compounds

• To investigate the function of GML further, we introduced the GML cDNA into various cancer cell lines under control of the tetracycline-regulated system [5].
• For 5-FU treatment with 24-h exposure, HCT116 showed the highest sensitivity, and SW837, which had p53 mutations without expression of GML, showed the lowest sensitivity [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GML

• GML gene expression analysis may serve as a predictor of CDDP-based chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC [3].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relationship between expression of GML mRNA and p53 gene status in 24 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines was examined using RT-PCR and PCR-SSCP followed by direct DNA sequencing [12].

References