Disease relevance of Pregnancy Trimester, First

• We conclude that diabetic women with good metabolic control are no more likely than nondiabetic women to lose a pregnancy, but that diabetic women with elevated blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the first trimester have a significantly increased risk of having a spontaneous abortion [1].
• The first-trimester screening consisted of measurement of serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in 77 pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome and 383 unaffected pregnancies and measurements of nuchal translucency obtained by ultrasonography in 326 affected and 95,476 unaffected pregnancies [2].
• We studied the first-trimester exposure to Bendectin for several major categories of birth defects among infants ascertained through the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program from 1968 to 1978 [3].
• Two infants with prominent frontal bossing, hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, and small, malformed, low-set, undifferentiated ears were born to mothers who had taken isotretinoin in the first trimester of pregnancy [4].
• Since angiotensin II levels could play a role in atherotic changes of the uterine spiral arteries associated with preeclampsia, we investigated angiotensinogen expression in the first trimester uterus [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pregnancy Trimester, First

• OBJECTIVE: Previous work suggested that first-trimester exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine does not affect adversely child IQ and language development [6].
• Pregnant women were interviewed about their alcohol consumption at their first visit to the maternity hospital in Roubaix, France. Alcohol consumption before pregnancy and during the first trimester was assessed with a structured questionnaire [7].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine whether first-trimester exposure to fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used to treat depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders, is associated with increased frequency of fetal malformations [8].

High impact information on Pregnancy Trimester, First

• The results were similar in children exposed to a tricyclic antidepressant drug or fluoxetine during the first trimester and those exposed throughout pregnancy [9].
• All the women had initial serum creatinine concentrations of at least 1.4 mg per deciliter (124 mumol per liter) and gestations that continued beyond the first trimester [10].
• We show here, by exploiting sequence polymorphisms in exon nine of the human insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene, that only the paternally-inherited allele is active in embryonic and extra-embryonic cells from first trimester pregnancies [11].
• No teratogenic abnormalities occurred in the 12 infants with first-trimester exposure to zidovudine [12].
• Explants of first trimester placenta release significant levels of PDGF-like activity into the medium under apparent developmental control [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pregnancy Trimester, First

• Congenital abnormalities in Brazilian children associated with misoprostol misuse in first trimester of pregnancy [14].
• In-utero exposure to lithium during the first trimester of pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of cardiac malformations, especially the rare Ebstein's anomaly [15].
• INTERPRETATION: Mebendazole therapy during pregnancy is not associated with a significant increase in major congenital defects, but our results indicate that it should be avoided during the first trimester [16].
• Outcome of first-trimester exposure to low-dose methotrexate in eight patients with rheumatic disease [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that C burnetii infections cause abortion and that women who develop Q fever while pregnant should be treated with co-trimoxazole for the duration of pregnancy, specifically when infected during the first trimester [18].

Biological context of Pregnancy Trimester, First

• A first-trimester cDNA library from fetal liver was screened with CEA-specific probes, and a dominant cDNA clone was identified and sequenced [19].
• Placentin, a new member of the insulin family, was recently identified as a 139-amino acid open reading frame from a cDNA clone isolated from a subtracted library of first trimester human placenta [20].
• The presence and the ontogeny of class I and class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens were investigated on human trophoblast cells in single cell suspensions of collagenase dispersed placentae during the first trimester of pregnancy by using a highly sensitive radioautographic approach [21].
• The size of the CG beta transcripts and identity of the transcription start site was the same for CG beta mRNA synthesized in Y1 cells as in first trimester placenta [22].
• RESULTS: Insulin effects on placental gene expression underwent developmental changes from trophoblasts in the first trimester to endothelial cells at term that were paralleled by changes in levels of activated insulin receptors [23].

Anatomical context of Pregnancy Trimester, First

• Approximately 10%-15% of epsilon-globin transcripts originate from these upstream sites in both an erythroleukemic cell line and purified erythroblasts from first-trimester human embryos [24].
• We therefore examined the placental expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and determined that expression of HIF-1alpha subunit during the first trimester of gestation parallels that of TGFbeta(3), an inhibitor of extravillous trophoblast differentiation [25].
• RANTES promotes growth and survival of human first-trimester forebrain astrocytes [26].
• Absorption of the immune serum with normal human bone marrow cells of first trimester human whole embryo cells reduced the cytotoxic titer to a similar extent; this suggested the possibility of crossreactivity between ML cells and fetal antigen(s) [27].
• 6 of these were on first-trimester chorionic villus biopsy specimens; in 2 cases the HD gene was not transmitted to the fetus while in 4 cases no exclusion could be made [28].

Associations of Pregnancy Trimester, First with chemical compounds

• Also, because the LHR is essential for sustaining the elevated levels of progesterone needed to maintain pregnancy during the first trimester, disruptions in the functions of the LHR during pregnancy have catastrophic consequences [29].
• Seventy-five cocaine-using women enrolled in a comprehensive perinatal care program were divided into two groups: those who used cocaine in only the first trimester of pregnancy (group 1 [N = 23]) and those who used cocaine throughout pregnancy (group 2 [N = 52]) [30].
• CONCLUSION--While initial information regarding the teratogenic risk of lithium treatment was derived from biased retrospective reports, more recent epidemiologic data indicate that the teratogenic risk of first-trimester lithium exposure is lower than previously suggested [31].
• Relative risk estimates (with their 95% confidence limits) for first-trimester exposure to Bendectin were as follows: CP, 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5); CL +/- CP, 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8); and HD, 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) [32].
• Total parenteral nutrition appears to be safe for the mother and fetus when given after the first trimester; the safety of total parenteral nutrition in the first trimester requires further study [33].

Gene context of Pregnancy Trimester, First

• PCR amplification with HLA-G primers specific for exon 3 has enabled us to demonstrate an alternatively spliced form of HLA-G mRNA present in fetal first trimester trophoblasts and lacking exon 4 (HLA-G.3-5) [34].
• Our findings suggest that human first-trimester trophoblast cells produce CXCL12, which in turn chemoattracts decidual CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells [35].
• The first-trimester human trophoblasts were found expressing CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1, the specific ligand of CXCR4, by way of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry [35].
• Using spontaneously transformed first-trimester trophoblast cell lines that exhibit cytotrophoblast-like (ED(27)) and extravillous trophoblast-like (ED(77)) properties, we show that the addition of Ang-2 (250 ng/ml) stimulated DNA synthesis in ED(27) trophoblast cells and triggered the release of NO [36].
• In addition, large amounts of secreted EBI3 were detected in explant cultures from first-trimester and term placentae [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pregnancy Trimester, First

• Pregnancy outcome following first-trimester exposure to fluoxetine (Prozac) [38].
• We screened 552 women who presented to their obstetrician in the first trimester of pregnancy using highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and found an incidence of positivity of 19.6% [39].
• Safety of first-trimester exposure to topical tretinoin: prospective cohort study [40].
• In situ hybridization analysis of first trimester placentae showed that most microcapillary endothelial cells coexpress the PDGF-B and PDGF beta-receptor genes [41].
• Prenatal diagnosis now provides the relatives of a CGD patient with the possibility to choose for first-trimester abortion of an affected fetus [42].

References