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SSR2  -  signal sequence receptor, beta (translocon...

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: HSD25, SSR-beta, Signal sequence receptor subunit beta, TLAP, TRAP-BETA, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of SSR2

  • Histological, histochemical and specific mRNA measurements confirmed the presence of an SSR2 receptor carcinoid in the lung [1].
  • RESULTS: All uveal melanomas were positive for SSR2 [2].
  • SSR2 is one of the most abundant SSR, which also is expressed in high numbers in many neuroendocrine tumor types [3].
  • Paragangliomas (PG), like many NET, have been found to have a high density of SSR 2 on the cell surfaces [4].
  • Calcaneonavicular coalition and the "too long" anterior process (TLAP) of the calcaneus can manifest as lateral foot pain, peroneal spastic flatfoot, and repeated ankle sprain [5].
 

High impact information on SSR2

  • The second site (SSR2) is a high capacity site (200 pmol/mg protein), widely distributed in all of the cell lines investigated, that shows relative selectivity yet low affinity (100 nM) for SS14, SS28, and [D-Trp8]SS14 without any apparent biological activity [6].
  • Surprisingly, pgp25 (SSR alpha) also bound Ca2+ although gp25H (SSR beta) and gp25L did not [7].
  • Highly polymorphic SSR2 markers mapped to human chromosome 19 were used to determine the portions of human chromosome 19 retained in the hybrids [8].
  • OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Octreotide is a somatostatin analogue that, when coupled to a radioisotope, produces a scintigraphic image of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) expressing somatostatin type 2 receptors (SSR 2) [4].
  • The Translocon-Associated Protein beta (TRAPbeta) in zebrafish embryogenesis. I. Enhanced expression of transcripts in notochord and hatching gland precursors [9].
 

Biological context of SSR2

 

Anatomical context of SSR2

 

Associations of SSR2 with chemical compounds

  • On the other hand, variations of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in plasma induced by thyroxine (T4) injections correlated well with concentration of TLAP [11].
  • The results of 220 consecutive IVF treatments are presented, comparing the use of culture media supplemented with either patient serum (Group 1; n = 110), or Medi-Cult SSR 2 synthetic serum replacement with pyruvate, and human serum albumin (HSA) (GEA BioTech, Hvidovre, Denmark) (Group 2; n = 110) [14].
 

Regulatory relationships of SSR2

  • The amplitude of the SSR generated by the second stimulus (SSR2) was expressed as a percentage of that generated by the first (SSR1), and compared between control subjects and patients for each ISI [15].
 

Other interactions of SSR2

  • The SSR amplitude recovery percentage, which was obtained by dividing the amplitude of SSR2 by the amplitude of SSR1, was significantly different on the cooled side [16].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SSR2

  • A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay showed that TRAPbeta mRNA is expressed in the developing zebrafish embryo [9].
  • Southern blot hybridization was used to assess the presence of the SSR2 gene [17].
  • With the 2.7-mm 30 degrees arthroscope placed at the primary visualization portal, soft tissue around the TLAP or the calcaneonavicular coalition is cleared up with the use of an arthroscopic shaver at the working portal [5].
  • Resection of the TLAP provided good results in 14 of 15 feet when used as a secondary procedure after failure of immobilization treatment and in one foot in which it was used as primary treatment [12].

References

  1. Characterizing an ectopic secreting carcinoid with indium-111-DTPA-D-Phe-pentetreotide. Briganti, V., Mannelli, M., La Cava, G., Peri, A., Meldolesi, U., Masi, R., Pupi, A. J. Nucl. Med. (1997) [Pubmed]
  2. Expression of somatostatin receptors in uveal melanomas. Ardjomand, N., Ardjomand, N., Schaffler, G., Radner, H., El-Shabrawi, Y. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. SSR2(a) receptor expression and adrenergic/cholinergic characteristics in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Hashemi, S.H., Li, J.Y., Ahlman, H., Dahlström, A. Neurochem. Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  4. Octreotide scintigraphy in the head and neck. Bustillo, A., Telischi, F., Weed, D., Civantos, F., Angeli, S., Serafini, A., Whiteman, M. Laryngoscope (2004) [Pubmed]
  5. Arthroscopic resection of the calcaneonavicular coalition or the "too long" anterior process of the calcaneus. Lui, T.H. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association. (2006) [Pubmed]
  6. Identification, characterization, and biological activity of somatostatin receptors in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Maggi, M., Baldi, E., Finetti, G., Franceschelli, F., Brocchi, A., Lanzillotti, R., Serio, M., Camboni, M.G., Thiele, C.J. Cancer Res. (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. SSR alpha and associated calnexin are major calcium binding proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Wada, I., Rindress, D., Cameron, P.H., Ou, W.J., Doherty, J.J., Louvard, D., Bell, A.W., Dignard, D., Thomas, D.Y., Bergeron, J.J. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) [Pubmed]
  8. Suppression of the tumorigenicity of prostatic cancer cells by gene(s) located on human chromosome 19p13.1-13.2. Gao, A.C., Lou, W., Ichikawa, T., Denmeade, S.R., Barrett, J.C., Isaacs, J.T. Prostate (1999) [Pubmed]
  9. The Translocon-Associated Protein beta (TRAPbeta) in zebrafish embryogenesis. I. Enhanced expression of transcripts in notochord and hatching gland precursors. Mangos, S., Krawetz, R., Kelly, G.M. Mol. Cell. Biochem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  10. Isolation and mapping of the human beta-signal sequence receptor gene (SSR2). Chinen, K., Sudo, K., Takahashi, E., Nakamura, Y. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. (1995) [Pubmed]
  11. Antler cycle and thermolabile and thermostable alkaline phosphatase in white-tailed deer; circannual and circadian rhythms and variation after thyroxine, dexamethasone and ACTH administration. Sempéré, A.J., Bubenik, G.A., Smith, J.H. Acta Endocrinol. (1986) [Pubmed]
  12. The too-long anterior process calcaneus: a report of 39 cases in 25 children and adolescents. Pouliquen, J.C., Duranthon, L.D., Glorion, C., Kassis, B., Langlais, J. Journal of pediatric orthopedics. (1998) [Pubmed]
  13. Sudomotor skin responses following nerve and brain stimulation. Rossini, P.M., Opsomer, R.J., Boccasena, P. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. (1993) [Pubmed]
  14. Optimization and simplification of culture conditions in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and preembryo replacement by serum-free media. Holst, N., Bertheussen, K., Forsdahl, F., Håkonsen, M.B., Hansen, L.J., Nielsen, H.I. Journal of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer : IVF. (1990) [Pubmed]
  15. Excitability recovery curve of the sympathetic skin response in healthy volunteers and patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. Manca, D., Valls-Solé, J., Callejas, M.A. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. (2000) [Pubmed]
  16. Local cold effect on the excitability recovery curve of the sympathetic skin response. Boz, C., Ozmenoglu, M., Alioglu, Z., Velioglu, S., Altunayoglu, V., Gazioglu, S. Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology. (2004) [Pubmed]
  17. Expression of the somatostatin receptor subtype-2 gene predicts response of human pancreatic cancer to octreotide. Fisher, W.E., Muscarella, P., O'Dorisio, T.M., O'Dorisio, M.S., Kim, J.A., Doran, T.A., Sabourin, C.L., Schirmer, W.J. Surgery (1996) [Pubmed]
 
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