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Gene Review

PBCA  -  Pancreatic beta cell, agenesis of

Homo sapiens

 
 
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Disease relevance of PBCA

  • The cytotoxicity of poly(2-octyl cyanoactylate) (POCA) is quite lower than that of poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) and the toxicity of poly(BCA-co-OCA) NPs is similar to that of PBCA NPs [1].
  • The molecular distortion in the Pbca polymorph is also larger than that in the Pnaa polymorph; this distortion is evidenced by torsion angles (13-20 degrees) in the bay region and by an out-of-plane displacement (0.8 A) of the C atom of the methylene portion of the ethyl group [the C atom attached to C(11)] [2].
 

Psychiatry related information on PBCA

  • In infants with PBCA and OA, the increase in ventilation was 41% and 130%/kPaCO2, and reaction time 64 and 54 breaths, respectively [3].
 

High impact information on PBCA

  • Our combined theoretical and experimental investigations have led to the discovery of a new polymorph of titanium dioxide, where titanium is seven-coordinated to oxygen in the orthorhombic OI ( Pbca) structure [4].
  • We demonstrate that the group IVa dioxides (TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2) on compression at ambient temperature all follow the common path: rutile -->alpha-PbO2-type --> baddeleyite-type (MI) --> orthorhombic OI (Pbca) structure --> cotunnite-type (OII) [4].
  • The algorithm has been applied successfully to the prediction of the crystal structures of 3-aza-bicyclo(3.3.1)nonane-2,4-dione (P2(1)/a, Z' = 1), allopurinol (P2(1)/c, Z' = 1), 1,3,4,6,7,9-hexa-azacycl(3.3.3)azine (Pbca, Z' = 2), and triethylenediamine (P6(3)/m, Z' = 1) [5].
  • Esterase catalyses the degradation of the PBCA through hydrolysis of the side chain on the repeat unit with the release of butanol, and this was monitored as an indicator of degradation [6].
  • In addition, the 7' (a = 15.9712(18) angstroms, b = 15.9253(19) angstroms, c = 18.475(2) angstroms, Pbca), a compound isostructural with 7, is synthesized by using cyclohexanol as a template [7].
 

Anatomical context of PBCA

 

Associations of PBCA with chemical compounds

  • CONCLUSION: At concentrations of PBCA nanoparticles and polysorbate-80 that achieve significant drug delivery to the brain, there is little in vivo or in vitro evidence to suggest that a generalized toxic effect on the BBB is the primary mechanism for drug delivery to the brain [8].
  • Only dalargin preadsorbed to PBCA nanoparticles was able to induce an antinociceptive effect in the animals [8].
  • All the data were subjected to chemometric analysis despite the fact that, except for the PBCA systems, only a limited range of linearity of the logarithm of capacity factor versus volume fraction of methanol in mobile phase was observed [10].
  • The feasibility of applying biodegradable polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticulate delivery systems (NDSs) for the controlled release of paclitaxel was investigated [11].
  • Nine episodes of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity occurred in 7 patients and none of these episodes was associated with a decreased PBCA [12].
 

Other interactions of PBCA

  • PBCA (mean +/- SEM) was found to be low (64 +/- 1 SU/ml) in 28/29 episodes (chi 2 = 46.3, P less than 0.001), and the decrease (at least two consecutive daily catalase values less than 76 SU/ml) occurred 2 days prior to the clinical/biopsy diagnosis of rejection in 26/28 episodes [12].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PBCA

  • Our data suggest that decreased PBCA is a sensitive and specific indicator of renal allograft rejection [12].
  • MALDI gave a more detailed view on the chemical composition of the cyanoacrylate and revealed the presence of two additional polymer series with different end groups besides the expected PBCA series, which showed different retention in SEC [13].
  • PBCA less than 50 SU/ml on two or more occasions occurred in five cases and transplant nephrectomy was required in four of these because of uncontrollable rejection [12].
  • These outcomes imply that for oral administration, D4T-loaded MMA-SPM NPs may be more advantageous than D4T-loaded PBCA NPs, and D4T-loaded PBCA NPs may be more favorable than D4T-loaded MMA-SPM NPs for intravenous injection [14].
  • IgG antibodies to PBCA disappeared some years after vaccination [15].

References

  1. Core-shell type of nanoparticles composed of poly[(n-butyl cyanoacrylate)-co-(2-octyl cyanoacrylate)] copolymers for drug delivery application: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro degradation. Huang, C.Y., Lee, Y.D. International journal of pharmaceutics. (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. C-H...O packing motifs in some cyclopenta[a]phenanthrenes. Desiraju, G.R., Kashino, S., Coombs, M.M., Glusker, J.P. Acta Crystallogr., B (1993) [Pubmed]
  3. Delayed chemoreceptor responses in infants with apnoea. Katz-Salamon, M. Arch. Dis. Child. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Experimental and theoretical identification of a new high-pressure TiO2 polymorph. Dubrovinskaia, N.A., Dubrovinsky, L.S., Ahuja, R., Prokopenko, V.B., Dmitriev, V., Weber, H.P., Osorio-Guillen, J.M., Johansson, B. Phys. Rev. Lett. (2001) [Pubmed]
  5. Ab initio crystal structure prediction-I. Rigid molecules. Karamertzanis, P.G., Pantelides, C.C. Journal of computational chemistry. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. In vitro degradation of insulin-loaded poly (n-butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Sullivan, C.O., Birkinshaw, C. Biomaterials (2004) [Pubmed]
  7. Two polymorphs of cobalt(II) imidazolate polymers synthesized solvothermally by using one organic template N,N-dimethylacetamide. Tian, Y.Q., Chen, Z.X., Weng, L.H., Guo, H.B., Gao, S., Zhao, D.Y. Inorganic chemistry. (2004) [Pubmed]
  8. Direct evidence that polysorbate-80-coated poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles deliver drugs to the CNS via specific mechanisms requiring prior binding of drug to the nanoparticles. Kreuter, J., Ramge, P., Petrov, V., Hamm, S., Gelperina, S.E., Engelhardt, B., Alyautdin, R., von Briesen, H., Begley, D.J. Pharm. Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  9. CD34 selections from myeloma peripheral blood cell autografts contain residual tumour cells due to impurity, not to CD34+ myeloma cells. Willems, P., Croockewit, A., Raymakers, R., Holdrinet, R., van Der Bosch, G., Huys, E., Mensink, E. Br. J. Haematol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  10. Chromatographic data for pharmacological classification of imidazol(in)e drugs. Gami-Yilinkou, R., Kaliszan, R. J. Chromatogr. (1991) [Pubmed]
  11. Effect of surfactant on fabrication and characterization of paclitaxel-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticulate delivery systems. Mitra, A., Lin, S. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  12. Peripheral blood catalase in patients undergoing renal transplantation. Rosenberg, L., Merion, R.M., Campbell, D.A., Dafoe, D.C., Clarke, S., Rocher, L., Turcotte, J.G. J. Surg. Res. (1988) [Pubmed]
  13. Molecular weights of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles determined by mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography. Bootz, A., Russ, T., Gores, F., Karas, M., Kreuter, J. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. (2005) [Pubmed]
  14. Loading efficiency of stavudine on polybutylcyanoacrylate and methylmethacrylate-sulfopropylmethacrylate copolymer nanoparticles. Kuo, Y.C. International journal of pharmaceutics. (2005) [Pubmed]
  15. Antibody responses after vaccination and disease against leukocytosis promoting factor, filamentous hemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide and a protein binding to complement-fixing antibodies induced during whooping cough. Winsnes, R., Lønnes, T., Møgster, B., Berdal, B.P. Dev. Biol. Stand. (1985) [Pubmed]
 
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