Disease relevance of Nephrectomy

• In the present study, we have tested primary cultures of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, generated from tumor specimens obtained after nephrectomy, for the expression of IL-4R and their modulation by IL-4 [1].
• A renal failure model was created by a two-step nephrectomy in nude mice, and myoblasts were transplanted 3 wk after the second nephrectomy, when mean blood urea nitrogen level had increased from 26.3 +/- 6.1 to 85.4 +/- 24.0 (mg/dl) and the hematocrit had decreased from 45.2 +/- 2.7 to 33.9 +/- 3.7(%) [2].
• To examine the potential role of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in modulating the enhanced Na excretion per nephron in chronic renal failure, we studied rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy or sham operation on low, normal, and high Na intakes [3].
• Effects of hepatectomy, nephrectomy, and nephrectomy/uremia on the metabolism of parathyroid hormone in the rat [4].
• To assess the renal functional adaptation to reduced excretory capacity, we studied whole kidney and single nephron function in anesthetized volume-replete rabbits after unilateral (left kidney) nephrectomy (UNX), ureteral obstruction (UO), or ureteroperitoneostomy (UP) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Nephrectomy

• Unilateral nephrectomy and water deprivation increased serum prolactin levels significantly [6].
• We conclude that continuing immunosuppression a few months after having diagnosed graft failure may postpone or avoid graft nephrectomy while steroid withdrawal symptoms do not complicate the course at the time of graft failure [7].
• To study the influence of dietary modification on prostaglandin synthesis and on blood pressure regulation, the effects of dietary enrichment with linolenic or linoleic acid was compared with standard rat chow in 3 groups of 13 rats before and after renal artery constriction and contralateral nephrectomy [8].

High impact information on Nephrectomy

• Of 21 transplants with the lesion, nine required nephrectomy by one month, and one-month serum creatinine was less than 2.0 mg per deciliter in only three of the remaining 12 transplants [9].
• Circulating angiotensin II and adrenal receptors after nephrectomy [10].
• Male F1 New Zealand Black X New Zealand White mice, which spontaneously develop immune complex renal disease, underwent unilateral nephrectomy at 3 months of age and were compared with sham-operated controls [11].
• By a weighted scoring system for analysis of differential renal-vein and peripheral renin levels, 70% (16 of 23) of these patients did not give scores predictive of cure by nephrectomy [12].
• We performed either subtotal nephrectomy (N) or sham operations in WT, leptin receptor-deficient (db/db), and MC4-R knockout (MC4-RKO) mice [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nephrectomy

• Persistence of hypotensive tachycardia after nephrectomy and after saralasin in normotensive rats suggests the irrelevance of angiotensin's central nervous system stimulation to this cardiac effect [14].
• Suppressive effects of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on bone resorption induced by acute bilateral nephrectomy in rats [15].
• Control of hypertension by either nephrectomy or captopril led to regression of hypertrophy 6 weeks after stabilization of blood pressure (12-18 weeks post-clipping) and returned both the ventricular receptor density and inotropic responsiveness toward normal [16].
• Rats subjected to right nephrectomy and two-thirds segmental infarction of the left kidney (5/6 nephrectomy) were treated for 10 weeks with the lipid-lowering agent clofibric acid [17].
• Toxicity was more severe in patients older than 70 years and those with prior pelvic irradiation, prior cisplatin adjuvant therapy, or prior nephrectomy [18].

Biological context of Nephrectomy

• The administration of propranolol was followed by a rapid fall in blood-pressure to normal, thereby obviating the need for bilateral nephrectomy [19].
• Forty-eight hours after nephrectomy, PRA fell to undetectable levels; in contrast, adrenal renin expression, assessed by semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (using GAPDH as a standard for gene expression), showed an 18-fold increase and was further increased after salt restriction and losartan (all P < .05) [20].
• 5-Bromodeoxyuridine-induced carcinogenesis and its modification by persistent estrus syndrome, unilateral nephrectomy, and X-irradiation in rats [21].
• When the effects of the renin-angiotensin system were excluded by bilateral nephrectomy, indomethacin caused a significant increase (P less than .05) in vascular resistance [22].
• Acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN) causes natriuresis from the contralateral kidney through neurohumoral reflex pathways that involve an increase in the plasma of peptides derived from the N-terminal region of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/beta-endorphin precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) [23].

Anatomical context of Nephrectomy

• To document the induction of tolerance, recipients with islet xenografts surviving > 100 days were made diabetic again by STZ (thymus and liver) or nephrectomy (kidney capsule) and received a second transplant of 150 fresh WF islets in the kidney capsule [24].
• To evaluate the role of the kidney in this increase in ET, another group (Group III, ACC + INDO + NEPH; N = 6) was investigated in the presence of prostaglandin inhibition, and bilateral renal artery clamping was performed 30 min before ACC and maintained throughout the protocol to simulate nephrectomy [25].
• Parathyroid glands were microdissected from control and 5/6 nephrectomy rats and analyzed for PTH mRNA and control genes, and the nuclei were used for nuclear run-on experiments [26].
• To evaluate the effects of these interventions on the growth plate, weanling rats underwent sham nephrectomy (Control, n = 10) and 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) [27].
• The continued critical importance of lymph node sampling in conjunction with nephrectomy for Wilms tumor is also established [28].

Associations of Nephrectomy with chemical compounds

• The increased water transport in response to (Sar1 Leu8)-AII is not secondary to enhanced renal renin release, as the analog also stimulated jejunal transport in the presence of captopril and after bilateral nephrectomy [29].
• Dietary acid load was reduced in 1 3/4-nephrectomized rats by dietary supplementation with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), while control rats, paired for serum creatinine after 1 3/4 nephrectomy, were supplemented with equimolar sodium chloride [30].
• The effect of administration of N-desulfated/acetylated heparin, almost completely devoid of anticoagulant activity, on the progression of renal disease was examined in rats with 13/4 nephrectomy [31].
• However, treatment with actinomycin D (0.12 mg/kg) prevented the increased Na+-H+ activity as well as the increased renal mass and GFR noted 24 h after unilateral nephrectomy [32].
• Choline kinase activity increased by 27% (P less than 0.001) in 28-day-old rats when renal growth was stimulated by contralateral nephrectomy; the increase occurred within 2 h after surgery [33].

Gene context of Nephrectomy

• Groups of six rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy and received renal arterial injection of a doxycycline-regulated Smad7 gene or control empty vector using an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated system [34].
• Intrarenal insulin-like growth factor-1 axis after unilateral nephrectomy in rat [35].
• For examining this issue, beginning 2 wk after subtotal nephrectomy, rats received a continuous infusion of recombinant HGF, neutralization of endogenous HGF by daily injection of an anti-HGF antibody, or preimmune IgG for an additional 2 wk [36].
• Significantly, the PSA levels fell to undetectable after nephrectomy [37].
• Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR on 20 tumor nephrectomy samples revealed that hTR was constitutively expressed both in cancer and normal tissue samples, independent of the telomerase activity status [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nephrectomy

• Administration of captopril after native nephrectomy did not further change allograft plasma flow [39].
• Prevention by vagotomy or atropine administration of the hemodynamic changes occurring after acute unilateral nephrectomy in the dog [40].
• By combining stereological and in situ hybridization techniques, we examined the expression patterns of types II and X collagens and collagenase-3 in tibial growth plates of rats made uremic by subtotal nephrectomy (NX) in comparison with those of sham-operated rats fed ad libitum (SAL) and sham-operated rats pair-fed with NX (SPF) [41].
• Renin and PA fell after nephrectomy and increased after transplantation [42].
• The pituitary plays a permissive role since hypophysectomy abolished the response of adrenal renin to nephrectomy (from 117.3 +/- 14.55 to 10.37 +/- 1.63 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment restored the response to nephrectomy in hypophysectomized rats to 120 +/- 20.62 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr [43].

References