Disease relevance of Ciclosporin

• Toxicity of cyclosporine during treatment with androgens [1].
• Cyclosporine, sympathetic activity, and hypertension [2].
• Serum cyclosporine concentration and risk of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation [3].
• Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis [4].
• All patients who had received cyclosporine had interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, or both [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ciclosporin

• Methylphenidate for cyclosporine-associated organic mood disorder [6].
• Complex visual hallucinations and cyclosporine neurotoxicity [7].
• Cyclosporine-associated mutism in liver transplant patients [8].
• The clinical presentation of cyclosporine neurotoxicity was characterized by tremulousness and restlessness in all patients and was associated with acute confusional state and psychosis in 20 patients, seizures in eight, speech apraxia or action myoclonus speech in three, and cortical blindness in two [9].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between human development and in vitro cyclosporine (INN, ciclosporin) pharmacodynamics [10].

High impact information on Ciclosporin

• Cyclosporine, used to prevent graft-versus-host disease, was withdrawn early in patients with mixed T-cell chimerism or disease progression [11].
• Regression of metastases was delayed, occurring a median of 129 days after transplantation, and often followed the withdrawal of cyclosporine and the establishment of complete donor-T-cell chimerism [11].
• METHODS: A total of 60 consecutive eligible recipients of primary cardiac transplants were randomly assigned to standard triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone) alone or in conjunction with photopheresis [12].
• Combination therapy with cyclosporine and methotrexate in severe rheumatoid arthritis. The Methotrexate-Cyclosporine Combination Study Group [13].
• The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased by 4.2 mm per hour in the cyclosporine group and decreased by 4.8 mm per hour in the placebo group (P = 0.006) [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ciclosporin

• The initial dose of cyclosporine was 7.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, and that of prednisone was 60 mg per day, which was subsequently tapered to 20 mg per day [14].
• A significant reduction in the cumulative incidence of grades II to IV acute graft versus host disease was observed in the patients who received both methotrexate and cyclosporine (33 percent), as compared with those who were given cyclosporine alone (54 percent) (P = 0.014) [15].
• Improvement in cyclosporine-associated gingival hyperplasia with azithromycin therapy [16].
• Sixty-four of the patients had been prepared for transplantation with a drug regimen in current use that includes busulfan and cyclophosphamide followed by cyclosporine as prophylaxis against acute graft-versus-host disease (protocol 6) [17].
• We describe two cardiac transplant recipients treated with lovastatin in conjunction with their other medications, including cyclosporine, who developed acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis [18].

Biological context of Ciclosporin

• The daily administration of 6 g of fish oil during the first postoperative year has a beneficial effect on renal hemodynamics and blood pressure in renal-transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine [19].
• To determine the effect of cyclosporine on renal function and graft rejection, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data on 1663 renal-transplant recipients at six centers [20].
• The glomerular filtration rate, measured in a subgroup of 34 patients receiving cyclosporine, decreased by a median of 16 percent [21].
• No differences were observed between the two groups of patients in age, sex, HLA phenotype, autoantibodies to insulin or islet-cell antigens, or doses or trough levels of cyclosporine [22].
• Cyclosporine treatment was also associated with reduced renal plasma flow (320 +/- 21 vs. 480 +/- 30 ml per minute, P less than 0.001) [23].

Anatomical context of Ciclosporin

• An intensive pretransplantation conditioning regimen and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with CD3-directed T-cell depletion and cyclosporine were employed [24].
• Effect of cyclosporine on total lymphocyte and T-cell counts in renal-transplant recipients [25].
• Cyclosporine and recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in severe aplastic anemia [26].
• A trend toward restricted transglomerular transport of neutral dextrans (radii, 2.4 to 5.8 nm) in cyclosporine-treated recipients suggested an intrinsic loss of ultrafiltration capacity by glomerular capillaries rather than a hemodynamic basis for the reduced glomerular filtration rate [23].
• Cyclosporine levels present in specimens of oral mucosa at the end of therapy four hours after the patients swished were similar to the levels previously reported in psoriatic lesions after treatment with systemic cyclosporine (14 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) [27].

Associations of Ciclosporin with other chemical compounds

• Therefore, we carried out a single-blind, randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of prednisone with that of cyclosporine in 36 patients who had been euthyroid for at least two months [14].
• Thirty-five of the 43 patients given both methotrexate and cyclosporine and 31 of the 50 patients given cyclosporine are alive as of this writing, at 4 months to 2 years (median, 15 months); the actuarial survival rates in the two groups at 1.5 years were 80 percent and 55 percent, respectively (P = 0.042) [15].
• We evaluated glomerular filtration in 17 recipients of heart transplants who were treated for 12 months or longer with cyclosporine (cyclosporin A) [23].
• Patients assigned to long-term cyclosporine (n = 138) or short-term cyclosporine followed by azathioprine and prednisolone (n = 141) had similar actuarial 12-month survival (98.4 vs. 96.4 percent) and graft survival (83.9 vs. 82.1 percent) [28].
• We conducted a randomized, multicenter trial in 84 patients not eligible for bone marrow transplantation, comparing treatment with antilymphocyte globulin and methylprednisolone (41 patients--the control group) with antilymphocyte globulin, methylprednisolone, and cyclosporine (43 patients--the cyclosporine group) [29].

Gene context of Ciclosporin

• The London Transplant Group followed 1341 patients with cadaver renal transplants, none of whom received cyclosporine, for six months to 14 years to determine the effect on graft survival of matching donor and recipient for HLA Class I antigens (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and Class II antigens (HLA-DR, -MT, and -DQ) [30].
• Thus, transplants matched for HLA-DR plus HLA-B and those matched for HLA-MT plus HLA-B had excellent results--even better than those reported with cyclosporine treatment [30].
• TNF, PC, and FPS levels were normal during episodes of cyclosporine toxicity and viral infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[31]
• Expression of mdr1 and mdr3 multidrug-resistance genes in human acute and chronic leukemias and association with stimulation of drug accumulation by cyclosporine [32].
• We demonstrate here that IL-7 in combination with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate can directly drive the proliferation of purified T cells and that this response is not inhibited by cyclosporine A or by antibodies to IL-2 and IL-4 [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ciclosporin

• Update for the Canadian multicentre trial of cyclosporine in renal allografts [34].
• The safety of long-term immunosuppression with cyclosporine in renal-transplant recipients is not well understood [20].
• Cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation [35].
• Carcinoma of the corneoscleral limbus in a patient treated with cyclosporine after heart transplantation [36].
• Trough concentrations of serum cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay [3].

References