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MeSH Review:

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Barisoni, L. et al., Eitner, F. et al., Ahuja, T.S. et al., Humphreys, M.H., Atta, M.G. et al., et al.

Schwartz, Cara, Snoeck, Ross, Sunamoto, Reiser, Mundel, Klotman, Marras, Bruggeman, Gao, Tanji, Mansukhani, Cara, Ross, Gusella, Benson, D'Agati, Hahn, Klotman, Klotman, Atta, Choi, Longenecker, Haymart, Wu, Nagajothi, Racusen, Scheel, Brancati, Fine, Kimmel, Cohen, Abraham, Bodi, Schwartz, Phillips, Atta, Longenecker, Fine, Nagajothi, Grover, Wu, Racusen, Scheel, Hamper,

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Disease relevance of AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Using in situ hybridization, we previously demonstrated HIV-1 gag and nef mRNA in renal epithelial cells of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy [1].
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal biopsies from patients with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) (n = 13), HIV-associated immune complex glomerulonephritis (n = 3), HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (n = 1), and HIV-negative patients with collapsing glomerulopathy (n = 8) were analyzed in this study [2].
This study analyzes the expression pattern of the above differentiation markers and of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in collapsing idiopathic FSGS and HIV-associated nephropathy compared with minimal change disease, membranous glomerulopathy, as well as normal adult and fetal human kidney [3].
The constellation of nephrotic proteinuria, FSGS, and rapid loss of renal function in a patient infected with HIV-1 has been sufficiently widespread and well documented to justify identification as a specific renal syndrome, HIV-associated nephropathy [4].
A higher serum creatinine level, greater proteinuria, and black race were associated with human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy, whereas age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes were not [5].

High impact information on AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) affects up to 10% of HIV-positive black adults and children and is the leading cause of renal disease in infected individuals [6].
In contrast, in collapsing idiopathic FSGS and HIV-associated nephropathy, there was disappearance of all markers from all collapsed glomeruli and of synaptopodin from 16% of noncollapsed glomeruli [3].
Records of 102 patients with biopsy-proven HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) admitted to 18 hospitals in the Paris area from 1984 through 1996 were retrospectively reviewed [7].
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in HIV-associated nephropathy [8].
This study examined the effect of fosinopril, 10 mg by mouth daily, in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIV-AN) [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Prolonged clinical improvement in HIV-associated nephropathy with zidovudine therapy [9].
PURPOSE: To determine if prednisone ameliorates the course of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIV-AN) [10].
Both FSGS and HIV-related nephropathy are usually steroid-resistant [11].
In the proper clinical setting, AIDS nephropathy has a characteristic gallium uptake pattern [12].

Biological context of AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Upregulation of MHC class II, interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma receptor protein expression in HIV-associated nephropathy [13].

Gene context of AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Because injury to glomerular VECs may be an important initiating factor in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), especially in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), we determined the expression of MMP-9 and its inhibitors in renal biopsies of patients with HIVAN [14].
Potential role for G-protein coupled receptors in HIV-associated nephropathy [15].
BACKGROUND: Renal interstitial scarring is an important feature of HIV-associated nephropathy [16].
Renal biopsy revealed findings typical of IgA nephropathy but also showed electron-microscopic abnormalities seen with HIV-associated nephropathy [17].
The patients with HIV-associated nephropathy had a significantly higher creatinine (8.2 mg/dL vs 2.5 mg/dL, P < .001) and a lower CD4 count (158 count/mm3 vs 349 count/mm3, P < .01) at the time of biopsy [18].

References

Replication and compartmentalization of HIV-1 in kidney epithelium of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. Marras, D., Bruggeman, L.A., Gao, F., Tanji, N., Mansukhani, M.M., Cara, A., Ross, M.D., Gusella, G.L., Benson, G., D'Agati, V.D., Hahn, B.H., Klotman, M.E., Klotman, P.E. Nat. Med. (2002) [Pubmed]
Chemokine receptor CCR5 and CXCR4 expression in HIV-associated kidney disease. Eitner, F., Cui, Y., Hudkins, K.L., Stokes, M.B., Segerer, S., Mack, M., Lewis, P.L., Abraham, A.A., Schlöndorff, D., Gallo, G., Kimmel, P.L., Alpers, C.E. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2000) [Pubmed]
The dysregulated podocyte phenotype: a novel concept in the pathogenesis of collapsing idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy. Barisoni, L., Kriz, W., Mundel, P., D'Agati, V. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (1999) [Pubmed]
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated glomerulosclerosis. Humphreys, M.H. Kidney Int. (1995) [Pubmed]
Sonography as a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. Atta, M.G., Longenecker, J.C., Fine, D.M., Nagajothi, N., Grover, D.S., Wu, J., Racusen, L.C., Scheel, P.J., Hamper, U.M. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. (2004) [Pubmed]
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 induces loss of contact inhibition in podocytes. Schwartz, E.J., Cara, A., Snoeck, H., Ross, M.D., Sunamoto, M., Reiser, J., Mundel, P., Klotman, P.E. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2001) [Pubmed]
HIV-associated nephropathy: outcome and prognosis factors. Groupe d' Etudes Néphrologiques d'Ile de France. Laradi, A., Mallet, A., Beaufils, H., Allouache, M., Martinez, F. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (1998) [Pubmed]
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in HIV-associated nephropathy. Burns, G.C., Paul, S.K., Toth, I.R., Sivak, S.L. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (1997) [Pubmed]
Prolonged clinical improvement in HIV-associated nephropathy with zidovudine therapy. Cook, P.P., Appel, R.G. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (1990) [Pubmed]
Prednisone improves renal function and proteinuria in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. Smith, M.C., Austen, J.L., Carey, J.T., Emancipator, S.N., Herbener, T., Gripshover, B., Mbanefo, C., Phinney, M., Rahman, M., Salata, R.A., Weigel, K., Kalayjian, R.C. Am. J. Med. (1996) [Pubmed]
Mechanisms of proteinuria in noninflammatory glomerular diseases. Savin, V.J. Am. J. Kidney Dis. (1993) [Pubmed]
Diagnostic uses of nuclear medicine in AIDS. Vanarthos, W.J., Ganz, W.I., Vanarthos, J.C., Serafini, A.N., Tehranzadeh, J. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (1992) [Pubmed]
Upregulation of MHC class II, interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma receptor protein expression in HIV-associated nephropathy. Kimmel, P.L., Cohen, D.J., Abraham, A.A., Bodi, I., Schwartz, A.M., Phillips, T.M. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (2003) [Pubmed]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in renal biopsies of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. Ahuja, T.S., Gopalani, A., Davies, P., Ahuja, H. Nephron. Clinical practice [electronic resource]. (2003) [Pubmed]
Potential role for G-protein coupled receptors in HIV-associated nephropathy. Klotman, M. Kidney Int. (1998) [Pubmed]
HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein and morphine-tubular cell interaction products modulate kidney fibroblast proliferation. Singhal, P.C., Sagar, S., Reddy, K., Sharma, P., Ranjan, R., Franki, N. J. Investig. Med. (1998) [Pubmed]
IgA nephritis in a child with human immunodeficiency virus: a unique form of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy? Schoeneman, M.J., Ghali, V., Lieberman, K., Reisman, L. Pediatr. Nephrol. (1992) [Pubmed]
Nephrotic range proteinuria and CD4 count as noninvasive indicators of HIV-associated nephropathy. Atta, M.G., Choi, M.J., Longenecker, J.C., Haymart, M., Wu, J., Nagajothi, N., Racusen, L.C., Scheel, P.J., Brancati, F.L., Fine, D.M. Am. J. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]

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