Disease relevance of Automatism

• We reviewed the videotapes of 49 consecutive patients with a history of medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy for the presence and laterality of unilateral hand posturing (UHP), unilateral hand automatism (UHA), non-forced head turning (HT), and post-ictal dysphasia (PID) [1].
• Although an intravenous injection of diazepam interrupted this status, on October 17th he showed subclinical seizure status on the EEG during which automatism traces were rarely found [2].

High impact information on Automatism

• Epilepsy and automatism [3].
• Thus, paroxetine decreased the ability to inhibit automatism [4].
• In addition, an epileptic automatism (wet dog shakes) was observed in seven out of 12 animals given kainate [5].
• In young rats, systemic or local administration of kainic acid (KA) elicits scratching as the prevailing automatism whereas in adult rats, wet dog shakes (WDS) are usually recorded [6].
• Cerebral Automatism, the Brain, and the Soul in Bram Stoker's Dracula [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Automatism

• Pretreatment with 4 microM rilmakalim resulted in a significant increase in the described effects of isoprenaline on automatism of isolated right atria [8].
• Examination documented good innervation of the pacemaker formations, and the specific effect of mediators [acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline] on their automatism was investigated [9].
• Phenylephrine (1 to 100 microM) in the presence of 1 microM propranolol, did not cause any changes in automatism of guinea pig right atria [8].
• Ventricular automaticity induced by epinephrine 1 10(-6) is inhibited by acetylcholine (a 50% reduction of the automatism is observed with acetylcholine 1,23 10(-8) while four different concentrations of eserine cause an evident potentiation of the effect of acetylcholine (with eserine a 10(-5) the ED50 of acetylcholine is 2,57 10(-14)) [10].
• Bupivacaine, i.v. infused at 3 rates, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg X kg-1 X min-1, proved to have depressant effects on conduction, automatism and excitability [11].

Anatomical context of Automatism

• The recognition in the early 1950's of mesial temporal structures in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy with automatism lead to more rational and successful surgical treatment [12].
• Polysomnographical study in the patients of frontal lobe epilepsy with ictal automatism [13].
• The effects of thapsigargin (TG), a selective inhibitor of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase in the heart muscle, on automatism and contractility of the rat and guinea pig heart were examined [14].

References