Disease relevance of Esophageal Sphincter, Upper

• Radiologic and manometric examinations of the esophagus showed diffuse esophageal spasm associated with hypertension of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), gastroesophageal reflux, and a sliding hiatal hernia [1].
• A minor degree of incoordination between pharyngeal contraction and upper esophageal sphincter relaxation was noted in 2 control subjects and 2 infants with gastroesophageal reflux [2].

High impact information on Esophageal Sphincter, Upper

• The patients with cricopharyngeal bars showed (a) normal peristaltic contraction in the pharynx, (b) normal axial upper esophageal sphincter pressure and relaxation, (c) normal flow rate across the upper esophageal sphincter, and (d) normal duration of upper esophageal sphincter opening for different bolus volumes [3].
• All agents caused a reduced upper esophageal sphincter peak contraction amplitude (P < 0.05), and the reduction was greatest in the propofol group (P = 0.002) [4].
• Sevoflurane also reduced the upper esophageal sphincter resting tone from 65 +/- 16 to 45 +/- 18 mmHg at 0.50 MAC(awake)(P = 0.008) [4].
• The upper esophageal sphincter resting tone was markedly reduced from 83 +/- 36 to 39 +/- 19 mmHg by propofol (P < 0.001), which differed from isoflurane (P = 0.03) [4].
• The upper esophageal sphincter muscle is more sensitive to vecuronium than is the pharyngeal constrictor muscle [5].

Anatomical context of Esophageal Sphincter, Upper

• OBJECTIVE: Acid secretion produced by a heterotopic gastric mucosal patch (HGMP) in the proximal esophagus, instead of gastric acid, may be responsible for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), passing the upper esophageal sphincter [6].
• In contrast to its effect on the lower esophageal sphincter, PGE2 did not alter the pressure in the upper esophageal sphincter [7].

Associations of Esophageal Sphincter, Upper with chemical compounds

• The major abnormalities in the patients with cricopharyngeal bars were (a) reduced maximal dimensions of the upper esophageal sphincter during the transsphincteric flow of barium and (b) increased intrabolus pressure upstream to the upper esophageal sphincter [3].
• Upper esophageal sphincter relaxation was prolonged after use of the 5% cocaine solution [8].
• Responses of the LES to bethanechol and swallow were normal, as was the basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter [9].
• Erythromycin has no important effect on the esophageal body or the upper esophageal sphincter [10].
• Five patients with patches of gastric fundal type columnar epithelium in the proximal esophagus at the level of the upper esophageal sphincter diagnosed by upper endoscopy underwent 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy (TcO4-) [11].

Gene context of Esophageal Sphincter, Upper

• The upper esophageal sphincter resting tone was significantly reduced at TOF ratios of 0.60, 0.70, and 0.80 (P < 0.05) [5].
• To elucidate innervation in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) muscle of the eel, a key muscle in swallowing, repetitive electrical field stimulation (EFS; 30 mA, 40 V, 300 micros, 10 Hz, 10 trains) was employed [12].
• 4. Large bolus volumes increased the duration of barium flow through the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), for both liquid (0.30 s, 0.40 s, 0.46 s, 0.50 s for 2, 5, 10, 20 ml) and paste (0.32 s, 0.43 s, 0.53 s, 0.61 s for 2, 5, 10, 20 ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[13]
• Abnormality of pharyngeal constriction and/or aberrant upper esophageal sphincter function played the major role in the postswallow aspiration of these irradiated NPC patients [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Esophageal Sphincter, Upper

• Effect of sleep, spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux, and a meal on upper esophageal sphincter pressure in normal human volunteers [15].

References