Disease relevance of CHLORDIMEFORM

• Acute hemorrhagic cystitis. Industrial exposure to the pesticide chlordimeform [1].
• Nine of 22 workers who packaged the insecticide chlordimeform in a separate shed became severely ill with abdominal pain, dysuria, urgency to void, or hematuria [1].
• First-line treatment of bleeding fundal varices is endoscopic variceal obturation [2].
• In general, ulcers were more proximal when fundal gastritis was more severe [3].
• Progression of fundal gastritis in gastric ulcer patients [4].

Psychiatry related information on CHLORDIMEFORM

• There was a positive correlation between fundal MT and latency period (r=0.43, P=0.02) that persisted after adjusting for GA (P=.04) [5].
• Cholecystokinin produced dose-dependent increases in motor activity in antral and fundal pouches of isolated guinea-pig stomachs [6].
• Food deprivation for up to 22 h had no effect on fundal PGBC . In the antrum, a 12-hour fast caused a significant reduction in PGBC while a 22-hour fast had no effect [7].
• A difference from human development was that zone 3 in the mouse, in both the meatal plate- and the fundal extension plate-derived areas, formed adnexal structures [8].
• Deep dyspareunia intensity was higher in women with fundal and anterior myomas than in those with other myoma positions [9].

High impact information on CHLORDIMEFORM

• Bladder biopsy specimens from three affected persons showed severe hemorrhagic cystitis; chlordimeform and 2-methyl-4-chloroaniline, a metabolite of chlordimeform, were present in urine specimens collected three days after exposure [1].
• Gastroesophageal varices (GOV) are classified as GOV1 (EV extending down to cardia or lesser curve) or GOV2 (esophageal and fundal varices) [2].
• Fundal height--can we trust the umbilicus [10]?
• Fundal, antral, and duodenal mucosae were submitted to endoscopic examinations, and the antral mucosa underwent histologic examination before and after injury [11].
• The retinal features sought on fundal photographs were the percentages of arteriovenous crossings with venule nipping, venule deviation, or attenuation of venular light reflex [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of CHLORDIMEFORM

• The influence of fundal gastritis on the location, healing, and recurrence of gastric ulcers was studied by the endoscopic Congo red test [3].
• Three patterns of retinopathy were discerned: 4 patients had disc vasculitis, 6 had multiple cotton-wool spots, and 5 had a normal fundal appearance but fluorescein leakage on angiography [13].
• In one patient the adenocarcinoma obviously originated in a fundal polyp, and in the others the tumors could have arisen in mucosal areas not adequately responding to progesterone [14].
• Twenty-four patients had F2 type varices and 7 had F3 type, classified according to the Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension. Seventeen patients had cardiofornical varices, and 14 had fundal varices [15].
• When the fundal luminal pH was below pH 3, antral mucosal surface pH was 4.79 +/- 0.41 (24) in endoscopically normal subjects and significantly less (P less than 0.001) than the value of 6.98 +/- 0.18 (12) for gastric ulcer patients [16].

Biological context of CHLORDIMEFORM

• The mother has patchy fundal hypopigmentation consistent with random X inactivation in an OA1 carrier [17].
• Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed an up-regulation of TLR-4 in the fundal region of the uterus in response to intrauterine inflammation [18].
• Osmoreceptors in the upper small bowel may delay gastric emptying by inhibiting fundal tone and/or by increasing outflow resistances [19].
• Antral, corpus, and fundal biopsy specimens were taken for histology and H pylori status (histology, culture, and rapid urease test) [20].
• Intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha (0-05 to 0-8 mug kg-minus1) produced marked, dose-related and sustained elevation of cardiac sphincter pressure without significantly affecting oesophageal peristalsis or gastric fundal motility [21].

Anatomical context of CHLORDIMEFORM

• Biopsy specimens taken from the strictures demonstrated inflamed or ulcerated gastric fundal-type mucosa in both cases [22].
• These ulcers were associated with little or no fundal gastritis, whereas ulcers in the pyloric gland area were usually associated with moderate or severe fundal gastritis [23].
• We observed a marked increase in levels of PR-C and transcriptionally active PR-B specifically in fundal myometrium of women in labor [24].
• The human gastric fundal mucosa contains a variety of endocrine cells, the most numerous of which are the so-called enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells [25].
• Retinopathy was assessed by seven-field stereoscopic fundal photography, albumin excretion rate (AER) from three consecutive timed overnight urine collections, peripheral nerve function by thermal and vibration thresholds, and autonomic nerve function by cardiovascular reflexes [26].

Associations of CHLORDIMEFORM with other chemical compounds

• In this study we investigated the spatial and temporal relationship among oxytocin (OT), oxytocin receptor (OTR), and estradiol (E2) at term, with (LAB) and without labor (NIL), in human amnion (AM), chorio-decidua (CD), fundal (FU), and lower segment (LS) myometrium [27].
• Detailed characterization of the patients' phenotype was performed with fundal photography, visual field testing, fundal fluorescein angiography, and electroretinography (ERG) [28].
• We were thus prompted to examine 55 renal transplant recipients (15 of them prospectively) who were receiving cyclosporine for evidence of similar fundal changes [29].
• Octopamine and chlordimeform enhance sensory responsiveness and production of the flight motor pattern in developing and adult moths [30].
• Pattern-reversal-evoked potentials (PREPs), flash-evoked potentials (FEPs), rapid axonal transport in the optic system and body temperature were measured in hooded rats, treated with either saline or the formamidine insecticide/acaricide, chlordimeform (CDM) [31].

Gene context of CHLORDIMEFORM

• There was no increase in TrpC mRNA or protein in fundal myometrium with the onset of labor [32].
• A similar distribution was observed in fundal myometrium samples from patients before and after the onset of labor. hTrpC4 mRNA was significantly lower after the onset of labor; there were no significant changes in the concentrations of other TrpC mRNAs [32].
• Analyses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract showed mild familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and numerous fundal gland polyps, indicating attenuated FAP (AFAP) [33].
• Measurements after healing showed persistent elevations of mucosal turnover in the antrum and duodenum and depressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in gastric fundal and duodenal mucosa [34].
• In contrast to OT and E2 the OTR is spatially regulated, with significantly greater expression in the fundal region of the uterus [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CHLORDIMEFORM

• Balloon endoscopic sclerotherapy, a novel treatment for high-risk gastric fundal varices: a pilot study [35].
• Endoscopy showed multiple small gastric fundal ulcerations and severe gastritis [36].
• Effects of fatty acids on antral contractility were determined by percutaneous ultrasonography; effects on proximal gastric tone were studied during fundal distention [37].
• "Salvage" transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: gastric fundal compared with esophageal variceal bleeding [38].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: The optimal emergency treatment for gastric fundal variceal bleeding is still unclear [38].

References