Disease relevance of Endoscopy

• RESULTS: H. pylori was isolated from feces in 12 of 25 subjects with dyspepsia proven to be H. pylori-positive at endoscopy and/or 14C urea breath test [1].
• METHODS: Osteoarthritis patients > or =50 years of age without ulcers or erosive esophagitis at baseline endoscopy were assigned randomly to placebo, enteric-coated aspirin 81 mg/day, rofecoxib 25 mg combined with aspirin 81 mg/day, or ibuprofen 800 mg 3 times a day [2].
• METHODS: A total of 742 osteoarthritis patients without ulcers on baseline endoscopy were randomly assigned to receive rofecoxib (25 or 50 mg once daily), ibuprofen (800 mg 3 times daily), or placebo [3].
• METHODS: Patients admitted within 12 hours after hematemesis were randomly assigned to erythromycin (250 mg) or placebo, 20 minutes before endoscopy [4].
• A further 2 patients continued to complain of dyspepsis, and repeat endoscopy showed duodenitis, confirmed by conventional light microscopy (haematoxylin and eosin) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Endoscopy

• Six (13%) patients in the ciprofloxacin group and seven (16%) in the triple therapy group required urgent endoscopy or surgery for uncontrolled infection [6].
• Retrograde amnesia effects of intravenous diazepam in endoscopy patients [7].
• Compared with values obtained before sedation, the placebo group had significantly prolonged reaction times 30 min after completion of the endoscopy, whereas patients who received aminophylline did not [8].
• RESULTS: Clinically speaking, the symptom score significantly improved over the period of 4 weeks, whereas other clinical parameters (computed tomography score, endoscopy score, rhinomanometric values, saccharine transport time, ciliary beat frequency, and olfaction) varied insignificantly [9].
• The benzodiazepines, and in particular flunitrazepam, produced a significantly greater amnesia for the procedure, patients given these drugs being more willing to undergo repeat endoscopy [10].

High impact information on Endoscopy

• RESULTS: At the time of endoscopy, active bleeding was evident in 28 of 91 patients in the vapreotide group (31 percent), as compared with 43 of 93 patients in the placebo group (46 percent) (P=0.03) [11].
• Five patients (4.2 percent) in the omeprazole group and 12 (10 percent) in the placebo group died within 30 days after endoscopy (P=0.13) [12].
• METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind comparison of gabexate (1 g given by intravenous infusion starting 30 to 90 minutes before endoscopy and continuing for 12 hours afterward) with placebo (mannitol and sodium chloride, administered in the same fashion) [13].
• Video endoscopy of the larynx was performed and plasma histamine levels were obtained prior to and 30 minutes after cutaneous challenge of a patient with alkylphenol novolac resin [14].
• Biochemical diagnosis is established by elevation of plasma chromogranin A (CgA), serotonin, or urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), while topographic localization is by Octreoscan, computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan, or endoscopy/ultrasound [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Endoscopy

• Methemoglobinemia as a complication of 20% benzocaine spray for endoscopy [16].
• METHODS: Seventy-two noncirrhotic patients bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia confirmed by endoscopy or angiography were randomized to receive in double-blind conditions treatment with ethinylestradiol (0.01 mg) plus norethisterone (2 mg) (1 tablet/d), or placebo (1 tablet/d) for a minimum period of 1 year (range: 1-2 years) [17].
• They also received an intravenous bolus of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (1 g) before each endoscopy performed during hemorrhage [18].
• In the upper GI endoscopy study, 19% of subjects receiving naproxen (6 of 32) developed gastric ulcers, whereas no ulcers occurred in subjects receiving SC-58635 or placebo [19].
• Upper digestive tract fibreoptic endoscopy showed two antral ulcers and an ulcerative gastritis pattern, which promptly disappeared with cimetidine treatment [20].

Biological context of Endoscopy

• At endoscopy, four biopsy samples were taken for histology (haematoxylin and eosin) and H. pylori detection (giemsa in both antrum and corpus, culture and rapid urease test) [21].
• Aldehyde disinfectants and health in endoscopy units. British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee [22].
• Extremely low glutaraldehyde vapour levels were detected by gas chromatography in endoscopy room air during disinfection procedures [23].
• All subjects completed a questionnaire regarding potential environmental exposures, received physical and dental examinations, and underwent upper endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining and biopsy [24].
• Independent predictors of early rebleeding in group 1 were: active bleeding at endoscopy (irrespective of interval from admission) (p<0.0001), encephalopathy (p = 0.007), platelet count (p = 0.002), history of alcoholism (p = 0.002), presentation with haematemesis (p = 0.02), log urea (p = 0.03) and (shorter) interval to admission (p = 0.007) [25].

Anatomical context of Endoscopy

• The patients underwent repeat endoscopy with biopsy of the gastric fundic mucosa (qualitative assessment of argyrophilic cell population), assessment of symptoms, and laboratory screening with measurement of basal serum gastrin concentrations at 3 and 6 months or more often if indicated by recurrence of symptoms [26].
• Fasting gastric juice pH and concentrations of vitamin C in gastric aspirate and plasma were measured in 73 patients undergoing endoscopy [27].
• METHODS: We took gastric biopsy specimens at endoscopy from H pylori infected (n = 17) and uninfected (n = 18) patients and assessed MMP-7 expression by ELISA, real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemistry (concentrating on epithelial cells in the proliferative zone) [28].
• Using gastric cancer tissues and normal adjacent gastric mucosa obtained from 20 patients with gastric cancer (eight diffuse-type, 12 intestinal-type) undergoing gastric resection or endoscopy, we assessed the expression of beta-catenin by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR analysis [29].
• In each treatment group, 73% had a complete or good clinical response; 83% of foscarnet-treated and 85% of ganciclovir-treated patients showed response by endoscopy, and inclusion bodies disappeared from follow-up biopsies in 73% of these [30].

Associations of Endoscopy with chemical compounds

• Propofol for endoscopy sedation [31].
• In a small open trial nineteen patients with active duodenal ulceration shown by fibreoptic endoscopy were treated with a 6-week course of cimetidine 1.6 g daily [32].
• In contrast, endoscopy with a larger instrument (13 mm) after diazepam sedation is usually well tolerated and often regarded as no more uncomfortable than a barium meal [33].
• Glutaraldehyde allergy in endoscopy units [34].
• We investigated ulcers with endoscopy at 1, 3, and 6 months and with carbon-13-labelled urea breath test at 3 months [35].

Gene context of Endoscopy

• Given capsule endoscopy in celiac disease: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement [36].
• Because serological discrimination between strain types would reduce the need for endoscopy, 61 patients carrying H. pylori were studied by vacA and cagA genotyping of H. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens and by detection of specific serum antibodies [37].
• After matching controls (2:1 for cancers and 1:1 for adenomas) to cases by age, month of blood draw, fasting status, and indication for endoscopy (for adenoma controls), plasma IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured [38].
• METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from 25 patients with RA were obtained by endoscopy [39].
• A randomized, double-blind, crossover comparative endoscopy study on the gastroduodenal tolerability of a highly specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, flosulide, and naproxen [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Endoscopy

• Patients who received lidocaine rated the over-all endoscopy and passage of the endoscope significantly easier than did those receiving placebo [41].
• In conclusion, for patients who have achieved clinical remission, adjustment of steroid treatment duration on the basis of endoscopy results is of no benefit, and the endoscopic aspect has no prognostic value; thus, it appears unnecessary to repeat colonoscopy in such patients before steroid tapering is begun [42].
• METHODS: In a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, 192 patients with complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease had esophageal manometry and endoscopy performed at baseline and after 6 weeks [43].
• Sclerotherapy consisted of flexible endoscopy, intravariceal and paravariceal, using sodium morrhuate (1.5%-2%) and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (0.5%-1.5%), to obliteration [44].
• CONCLUSIONS: Severe hypoventilation may occur during endoscopy, undetected by clinical observation or pulse oximetry, but only in sedated patients who require supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 above 90% [45].

References