Disease relevance of Carpal Bones

• Six patients also exhibited radiolucent carpal bone cysts which were histologically shown to be due to bone replacement by an amyloid-positive synovitis [1].
• Despite only limited reports of a greater number of fractures during childhood or adulthood, osteoporosis historically has been described as a feature in Turner syndrome, because of the frequent observation of radiographic osteopenia and the coarse trabecular pattern of the carpal bones on radiographs [2].
• Flexor tenosynovitis and carpal bone erosion occurred more frequently in amyloid CTS [3].
• Desbuquois syndrome presenting with severe neonatal dwarfism, spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia and advanced carpal bone age [4].
• In addition, we observed joint space narrowing in the wrists as well as among the carpal bones, positive rheumatoid factor and the presence of rheumatoid nodules, in which the histological findings were compatible with those of rheumatoid arthritis [5].

High impact information on Carpal Bones

• We found that Hoxd-11-/- mutant mice are viable and display homeotic transformations of their sacral vertebrae, while their forelimbs present abnormalities of some metacarpals and of the first row of carpal bones [6].
• In addition, 9 patients had cystic radiolucencies of bone, which were interpreted as having resulted from local amyloid deposits, involving carpal bones, humeral heads, femoral heads, acetabula, or tibial plateaus [7].
• Targeted mutation of the Hoxd11 gene causes reduced male fertility, vertebral transformation, carpal bone fusions, and reductions in digit length [8].
• Important radiological signs included calcification of the falx cerebri in 65%, of the tentorium cerebelli in 20%, bridged sella in 68%, bifid ribs in 26%, hemivertebrae in 15%, fusion of the vertebral bodies in 10%, and flame shaped lucencies of the phalanges, metacarpal, and carpal bones of the hands in 30% [9].
• An iliac graft is sandwiched in a coronal split in the radius and carpal bones [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carpal Bones

• OBJECTIVES: To use lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to create synovitis in the midcarpal joint of ponies, and to assess the morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical effects of synovitis on articular cartilage of the third carpal bone [11].

Anatomical context of Carpal Bones

• Articular cartilage sections and attached synovial membrane from the third carpal bones were examined by immunohistochemical distribution of interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF receptors (P55, P75) and 3-B-3(-) epitopes, and by localization of proteoglycans (metachromatic staining) [11].
• The relationship between these lesions in carpal bones and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was studied by radiography and tomography, and one of the carpal bones, the os capitatum, was examined histologically at autopsy [12].

Associations of Carpal Bones with chemical compounds

• MR reliably imaged the flexor retinaculum and carpal bones and thus defined the borders of the carpal tunnel [13].
• Changes in contact area and pressure distribution with loading were evaluated on the proximal articulating surface of the equine third carpal bone using safranin-O dye staining and pressure sensitive film techniques [14].
• The medial PICL had a large origin distally on the lateral aspect of the radial carpal bone (Cr) and attached to third (C3) and second (C2) carpal bones with apparently separate fibre orientations [15].
• METHODS: Each of 3 clinicians injected 0.5 mL of a 1% aqueous solution of new methylene blue as a marker at the medial aspect of the accessory carpal bone of 10 limbs [16].
• Image analysis was used to assess photodensity (compared to a known thickness of aluminium) of four regions of interest (ROI) in C3 and one ROI in the fourth carpal bone (C4) of 14 isolated distal rows of carpal bones of the horse [17].

Gene context of Carpal Bones

• The carpal canal and carpal bones of 14 male patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome and 26 normal male controls were examined by computed tomography [18].
• In the hand and wrist, aneurysmal bone cysts are usually confined within a metacarpal or carpal bone, showing high signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging, often with fluid/fluid levels [19].
• The scaphoid is the most frequently fractured of the carpal bones [Taleisnik, J., The Wrist, Churchill Livingstone, New York (1985)] [20].
• There was no history to suggest rheumatoid arthritis, abnormality of the carpal bones, fractures, or gout [21].
• Cadaver forearms were tested to measure carpal bone separation and wrist ligament tension in response to MTS-based incremental wrist distraction [22].

References