Disease relevance of aluminum

• The use of deferoxamine in the management of aluminium accumulation in bone in patients with renal failure [1].
• Does silicon protect against aluminium toxicity in dialysis patients [2]?
• This study provides more aetiological evidence linking aluminium and the development of osteomalacia in chronic renal failure [3].
• Aluminium poisoning: dialysis encephalopathy, osteomalacia, and anaemia [4].
• Aluminium-related bone disease and haemodialysis [5].

Psychiatry related information on aluminum

• Controversy exists over whether aluminium has a role in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease [6].
• Its application had a beneficial effect on 7 of 9 patients previously exposed to dialysate prepared from water with a high aluminium content and prevented the appearance of dementia in 24 patients whose water was so treated from the start of haemodialysis [7].
• The difference between the visual evoked potentials stimulated by flash and pattern was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls (31.6 [4.3] vs 19.4 [2.4] ms) and was significantly related to the symbol digit coding response times and to the oral aluminium intake [8].
• Furthermore, elevated aluminium content in multiple cortical regions was not found in 2 vascular dementias of the elderly [9].
• The aetiology of these changes may be genetic = (related to chromosoma 21), toxic (aluminium) or infective (slow agents similar to those that cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru and scrapie) [10].

High impact information on aluminum

• Surprisingly, aluminium fluoride activates G alpha.GDP by binding with a geometry resembling a pentavalent intermediate for GTP hydrolysis [11].
• Absence of aluminium in neuritic plaque cores in Alzheimer's disease [6].
• We investigated the relation between outcome of severe trauma, PAI-1 concentrations, and PAP-1 genotype in 61 patients who had been severely injured [12].
• Dissolved silica and bioavailability of aluminium [13].
• Aluminium and dementia [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of aluminum

• The plasma distribution of gallium (as an analogue of aluminium) was investigated in patients with Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome, or stroke dementia, in subjects on haemodialysis for chronic renal failure, and in healthy controls [15].
• GTP(&ggr ;)S stimulation was susceptible to an excess of GDP, but not Bordetella pertussis toxin and could not be mimicked by aluminium fluoride, myristoylated GTPgammaS.Gialpha2 or Gbeta1gamma2 subunits of trimeric G proteins [16].
• Pigment granules containing compounds of aluminium, silicon, and titanium have been observed within macrophages in the wall of the small intestine in health and in Crohn's disease [17].
• The effects of aluminium (as Al3+) on carbachol-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) production and Ca2+ mobilisation were assessed in electropermeabilised human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells [18].
• Gallium-67 as a potential marker for aluminium transport in rat brain: implications for Alzheimer's disease [19].

Biological context of aluminum

• Aluminium deposition in bone after contamination of drinking water supply [20].
• Kinetics of serum and urinary aluminium after renal transplantation [21].
• Aluminium, hot water tanks, and neurobiology [22].
• Moreover, removal of Sra-1 or Nap1 by RNA interference abrogated the formation of Rac-dependent lamellipodia induced by growth factor stimulation or aluminium fluoride treatment [23].
• Toxic effects of aluminium on nerve cells and synaptic transmission [24].

Anatomical context of aluminum

• 4 patients, who showed only a partial response to erythropoietin, had significantly higher serum aluminium concentrations than the 7 who responded fully (225 [44] vs 55 [23] micrograms/l); erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations in partial responders were also much higher than in responders (973 [120] vs 388 [29] nmol/l) [25].
• Uptake of aluminium into central nervous system along nasal-olfactory pathways [26].
• The primary lesion in Alzheimer's disease and dialysis dementia has been postulated to be an impaired blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability that allows neurotoxins like aluminium to reach the central nervous system [27].
• Aluminium and the nucleus of nerve cells [28].
• In at least two species, wheat and maize, the transport of organic acid anions out of the root cells is mediated by aluminium-activated anion channels in the plasma membrane [29].

Associations of aluminum with other chemical compounds

• The mean activity of erythrocyte dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR), which is inhibited by aluminium, rose during 3 months' desferrioxamine treatment in most of the 15 patients so treated [8].
• Confusion of osmium M-zeta with aluminium K-alpha lines in biological X-ray microanalysis [30].
• Macrophages at the base of human gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), become loaded early in life with dark granular pigment that is rich in aluminium, silicon, and titanium [31].
• The damaging effects of some industrially important Aluminium and Zirconium compounds on guinea-pig macrophages and skin fibroblasts have been investigated [32].
• Furthermore, both Prp3p and a part of PAP-1 were found to be components of the U4/U6.U5-tri-snRNP complex, one form of the spliceosome, in Ba/F3 and K562 cells by analysis of sucrose density gradients, suggesting that PAP-1 is weakly associated with the spliceosome [33].

Gene context of aluminum

• We used the same splicing assay to examine the activities of two mutant forms of PAP-1 found in RP9 patients [34].
• CIR, a corepressor of CBF1, binds to PAP-1 and effects alternative splicing [35].
• CIR was found to be colocalized with SC35 and PAP-1 in nuclear speckles [35].
• Association of PAP-1 and Prp3p, the products of causative genes of dominant retinitis pigmentosa, in the tri-snRNP complex [33].
• The results indicate that the difference of adjuvant activity between liposomes and Alum may come from the difference in the secretion of IL-4 and that, consequently, a different class of antibody response is developed [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of aluminum

• Alzheimer's-disease-like changes in tau protein processing: association with aluminium accumulation in brains of renal dialysis patients [37].
• Acute aluminium intoxication in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [38].
• Minor increases in serum aluminium in group I did not differ from those in the control group [39].
• Serum aluminium levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis [40].
• Brain aluminium levels remain elevated for up to four years after restoration of good renal function by transplantation [41].

References