Disease relevance of Rheumatoid Nodule

• Patients were grouped according to disease duration and presence of rheumatoid nodules, rheumatoid vasculitis, and Felty's syndrome, which are extraarticular complications of RA [1].
• Two subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules and 8 rheumatoid synovia from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and 2 parotid glands, 1 "pseudolymphoma," and 6 lip biopsies from patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) were studied to identify mononuclear cells [2].
• Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with pulmonary rheumatoid nodules during treatment with methotrexate [3].
• A 61-year-old woman, whose rheumatoid arthritis had been quiescent for 9 years, developed a crop fo 16 painless bilateral episcleral rheumatoid nodules without any flareup of her joint disease [4].
• We report a 16-year-old girl with this disorder who presented with severe polyarthritis and rheumatoid nodules mimicking juvenile rheumatoid arthritis [5].

High impact information on Rheumatoid Nodule

• Rheumatoid nodules were highly associated with a heterozygosity for two disease associated HLA-DRB1 alleles [6].
• Association of the risk allele with RA was not affected by sex, age at disease onset, or the presence of either rheumatoid factor or rheumatoid nodules [7].
• CONCLUSION: The presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE does not appear to significantly increase the risk of rheumatoid nodules among Caucasian patients with RA [8].
• Pulmonary rheumatoid nodules in an etanercept-treated patient [9].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine why methotrexate (MTX) exacerbates rheumatoid nodules in some patients, despite the effective suppression of synovial inflammation [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rheumatoid Nodule

• Kaplan Meier survival curves for the development of the first AE showed a dose-response relationship between prednisone and AE occurrence, independent of rheumatoid nodules [11].
• These data suggest the constitutive de novo synthesis of angiotensin converting enzyme by rheumatoid nodule cells [12].
• Sulphasalazine and regression of rheumatoid nodules [13].
• These data suggest that interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 may be deeply involved in the formation of rheumatoid nodules [14].
• We describe the first immunoperoxidase studies on a rheumatoid nodule and have identified reaction products for immunoglobulins and C3 in perivascular and endothelial cell vacuoles and in the necrotic centre [15].

Biological context of Rheumatoid Nodule

• HLA-DRB1 alleles were analysed, including DRB1*04 subtypes and associations of DRB1*04 haplotypes with DQB1*0301 or DQB1*0302 alleles, the age of the patients at disease onset, the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF), joint erosions, and rheumatoid nodules [16].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphologically and immunohistochemically the role of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) immune complexes and complement activation in rheumatoid nodule vascular injury, a typical extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis [17].
• There was a trend toward more compound heterozygous genotypes in the male RA group than in the female RA group (p < 0.1), and male sex was associated with higher frequency of rheumatoid nodules (56 vs 35% for female RA) [18].

Anatomical context of Rheumatoid Nodule

• BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the immunopathology of rheumatoid nodules parallels that of inflamed synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [19].
• The histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase (ACP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) has been combined with standard immunofluorescence techniques, using a panel of monoclonal and conventional antibodies, to examine lymphocyte and macrophage subsets and their microanatomical relationships within the subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule (RN) [20].
• Dominant T cell receptor rearrangements in interleukin 2 expanded lymphocytes from rheumatoid nodules suggest antigen driven T cell activation in situ [21].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine if dendritic antigen-presenting cells (DC) are present in rheumatoid nodules, as has been reported in the synovial lesions of rheumatoid arthritis [22].
• Mph at the center of rheumatoid nodules showed strong expression of the leukocyte intergrins CR3 and p150,95 which would be consistent with the presence of a central chemotactic stimulus [23].

Gene context of Rheumatoid Nodule

• RESULTS: (1) In rheumatoid nodules, the palisading layer strongly stains for ICAM-1 and PECAM-1, but less pronounced for CD44 [24].
• The influence of rheumatoid nodule presence on the serum COMP level was shown (p<0.05) [25].
• Tumour necrosis factor alpha independent disease mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis: a histopathological study on the effect of infliximab on rheumatoid nodules [19].
• Furthermore carriage of TNF +489A was not associated with the presence of radiological erosions, rheumatoid nodules or rheumatoid factor [26].
• OBJECTIVE: To study at a molecular level the clonality of interleukin 2 (IL-2) expanded T cell lines derived from rheumatoid nodules [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rheumatoid Nodule

• We determined the prevalence of rheumatoid nodules of finger tendons in patients with RA, using high frequency linear transducers with high resolution ultrasonography [27].
• The finding of soft tissue lesions that present as rheumatoid nodules in a patient with no history or symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis or rheumatic fever sets the stage for a variety of differential diagnoses [28].
• 16/24 patients with so-called seronegative RA (negative Latex Fixation Test or Waaler Rose Test) had positive results in the ELISA, two of them had rheumatoid nodules clinically [29].

References