Psychiatry related information on Escape Reaction

• In view of previous results indicating that the panic-promoting drug yohimbine increases flight/escape reactions and that the panicolytic compound alprazolam reduces these responses, we tentatively suggest that the preferential 5-HT2A receptor antagonist pirenperone may have some efficacy in improving panic attacks [1].

High impact information on Escape Reaction

• Previous studies have indirectly implicated the two neurotransmitters 5-HT and GABA in mediating tonic inhibition of the crayfish lateral giant (LG) escape reaction [2].
• 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine lesions of crayfish serotonin-containing neurons: effect on the lateral giant escape reaction [3].
• Serotonin and octopamine have opposite modulatory effects on the crayfish's lateral giant escape reaction [4].
• Local infusion into the dlPAG of a glutamate NMDA-receptor antagonist (AP7) or a benzodiazepine agonist (midazolam) completely prevented the flight reactions induced by intra-dlPAG administration of SIN-1, a NO donor [5].
• Distinct patterns of Fos distribution were obtained following the freezing and escape reactions induced by MT injections of SMC and BIC, respectively [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Escape Reaction

• Since part of the effects of NO involves increases in guanylate cyclase levels, we found that intra-dlPAG injection of 8-Br-cGMP induced a brief flight reaction followed by increased locomotion [7].
• RESULTS: Diazepam significantly decreased flight reactions after the rat was introduced into the runway, reduced RA activities of mice chased by the rat, increased RA responses displayed when subjects were constrained in a straight alley and reduced defensive upright postures and biting upon forced contact [8].
• Our results showed that a single dose of imipramine or fluoxetine strongly potentiated flight reactions in response to an approaching predator and increased defensive attack toward the rat [9].
• Presynaptic inhibition is mediated by histamine and GABA in the crustacean escape reaction [10].
• Microinjection of carbachol into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PHN) of freely moving rats evoked marked behavioral changes characterized by an escape reaction [11].

Anatomical context of Escape Reaction

• The effects of intraperitoneal injections of increasing doses of apomorphine, clonidine or 5-methoxy-NN-dimethyltryptamine (5-m-DMT) on approach and escape reactions induced by lateral hypothalamic (LH) or mesencephalic central gray (CG) stimulation were compared in BALB/c and DBA/2 mice [12].

Gene context of Escape Reaction

• Careful analysis of each TFIIH subunit also shows how the p44 Ring finger participates in certain promoter escape reactions [13].
• However, only a slight effect of the caspase inhibitor across the session was found. z-DEVD-fmk impaired development of some essential components of the two-way active avoidance performance, such as escape reaction, conditioned fear reaction, and inter-trial crossings [14].
• Sympathetic activation in a "fight or flight reaction" may put the sensory systems for hearing and balance into a state of heightened alert via beta1-adrenergic receptors (beta1-AR) [15].
• Intra-dlPAG injection of NMDA produced flight reactions characterized by crossings and jumps [16].
• These results suggest that the neurochemical regulation of escape reactions respectively generated by LH or CG activation is partially different: dopamine seems to be involved only in CG aversion, whereas serotonin (5-HT) modulates both LH and CG escape reactions [12].

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