Disease relevance of M 5041T

• Transdermal clonidine in a patient with resistant hypertension and malabsorption [1].
• Letter: Late toxicity of clonidine withdrawal [2].
• All the patients had excessive pressor and tachycardia responses to the mental-arithmetic and cold pressor tests and marked hypersensitivity to clonidine [3].
• Clonidine suppression test in pheochromocytoma [4].
• During the treatment phase, the imipramine group had a mean (+/- SD) reduction of 52 +/- 25 percent in episodes of chest pain, the clonidine group had a reduction of 39 +/- 51 percent, and the placebo group a reduction of 1 +/- 86 percent, all as compared with the placebo phase of the trial [5].

Psychiatry related information on M 5041T

• Clonidine and alprazolam diminished withdrawal symptoms [6].
• Clonidine, depression, and smoking cessation [7].
• Clonidine in Tourette syndrome [8].
• The incidence and clinical significance of rebound hypertension after abrupt cessation of clonidine therapy, and indeed the profile of blood pressure responses to varying physical activity during therapy, remain to be evaluated [9].
• Behavioral and physiologic effects of short-term and long-term administration of clonidine in panic disorder [10].

High impact information on M 5041T

• A single dose of the sympatholytic drug clonidine caused a greater fall in blood pressure in the patients than in the control subjects [11].
• Therapy with clonidine reduced the frequency of attacks by 81 percent and attenuated the elevated blood pressure and heart rate in the attacks that occurred [3].
• Clonidine attenuates the pressor and tachycardic surges in baroreflex failure [3].
• A comparable, but distinct dependence can be induced by incubating the ileum with clonidine [12].
• Tolerance of locus coeruleus neurones to morphine and suppression of withdrawal response by clonidine [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of M 5041T

• Prazosin and clonidine for moderately severe hypertension [14].
• These findings, highly suggestive of an important role of clonidine in smoking cessation, warrant further studies to establish the long-term (greater than or equal to 12 months) efficacy of this drug and to replicate the association between nicotine dependence and depression [15].
• In an infant with microvillus inclusion disease (confirmed by electron microscopic evaluation of rectal, jejunal, and gallbladder mucosae), basal stool output was massive (greater than 125 mL . kg-1 . day-1) and was not altered by treatment with clonidine or octreotide [16].
• We conclude that diabetic diarrhea in streptozocin-induced chronically diabetic rats is due to impaired adrenergic regulation of mucosal ion transport, accompanied by a postsynaptic denervation hypersensitivity that can be reversed by clonidine, and accompanied by net intestinal fluid secretion that can be effectively reversed with clonidine [17].
• Effects of Alzheimer's disease and normal aging on cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine responses to yohimbine and clonidine [18].

Biological context of M 5041T

• These results suggest that a hyperpolarization of membrane potential mediated by an alpha 2-adrenoceptor underlies both clonidine- and activation-induced inhibition of locus coeruleus cell firing [19].
• Imidazoline (I) receptors constitute a family of nonadrenergic high-affinity binding sites for clonidine, idazoxan, and allied drugs [20].
• One major subclass, the I1 receptors, whose subcellular distribution and signal transduction mechanisms are uncertain, partly mediates the central hypotensive actions of clonidine-like drugs [20].
• Mechanism of intestinal absorption. Effect of clonidine on rabbit ileal villus and crypt cells [21].
• Clonidine-induced changes in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were independent of the change in portal venous pressure [22].

Anatomical context of M 5041T

• Functional restoration of the traumatically injured spinal cord in cats by clonidine [23].
• Multiple G-protein-dependent pathways mediate the antisecretory effects of somatostatin and clonidine in the HT29-19A colonic cell line [24].
• The pseudolipolytic effect of clonidine was significantly more pronounced in gluteal as compared with abdominal adipose tissue [25].
• The effects of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, and verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, on Na+ and Cl- absorption were studied in stripped jejunal mucosa from control and transmissible-gastroenteritis-virus-infected piglets [26].
• These studies indicate that in this experimental diarrhea model, clonidine has antidiarrheal properties that are due largely to effects on motility of the gut but that clonidine also modestly stimulates the net rate of absorption by intestinal mucosa [27].

Associations of M 5041T with other chemical compounds

• Morphine, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, and clonidine rapidly depressed transmission through sympathetic preganglionic neurons in cats with the spinal cord transected [28].
• RESULTS: Clonidine and diltiazem had consistent response rates regardless of renin profile (76%, 67%, and 80% for low, medium, and high renin, respectively, for clonidine and 83%, 82%, and 83%, respectively, for diltiazem for patients with baseline DBP of 95-99 mm Hg) [29].
• The effects of the alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine and their corresponding selective antagonists, prazosin and yohimbine, respectively, were examined on the resting IASP, and on rectal balloon distension (RBD)-mediated IAS relaxation [30].
• When ethanol was added to the perfusate to monitor blood flow, the escape of alcohol from the dialysate was accelerated by 30% with hydralazine or nitroprusside (P < 0.01) and 30% retarded (P < 0.05) by clonidine (10(-10) mol/liter) [25].
• Thus, sodium depletion stimulates total renin release, while propranolol and clonidine produce divergent responses of active renin and prorenin, the changes in prorenin depending on the changes induced in blood-pressure [31].
• Taken together, the data indicate that clonidine alleviates memory impairments produced by glutamate hypofunction, but not by hippocampal damage [32].

Gene context of M 5041T

• In addition, ADRA2C binds clonidine which is prescribed for three psychiatric diseases [33].
• The data do not suggest that blunted GH responses to clonidine and/or GHRH represent specific features of depression [34].
• Moxonidine and clonidine also increased by greater than two-fold the proportion of ERK-1 and ERK-2 in the phosphorylated active form [35].
• In CGD or IGHD children mean plasma GH peak after acute clonidine (14.8 +/- 2.6 and 4.1 +/- 1.2 ng/mL, respectively) was not significantly different from that observed after either dose of Gal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[36]
• In contrast, NT-2 had no effect in NTR1 null mice, whereas the hypomotility effect of clonidine was intact [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of M 5041T

• Drug therapy: clonidine, a new antihypertensive drug [38].
• The disposition of morphine and clonidine was investigated by means of radioimmunoassay [39].
• We enrolled 185 subjects, 92 receiving clonidine and 93 receiving placebo, in a randomized, double-blind study of clonidine for smoking cessation in a primary care setting [40].
• Therefore, careful follow-up with repeated ECG monitoring seems to be indicated when clonidine is given to a patient with suspected cardiac conduction disease, especially if the patient is concurrently receiving digitalis therapy [41].
• Epidural clonidine produces analgesia [42].

References